Articulations general features Flashcards
arthrology
study of joints
Kinesiology
study of functional relationship of the skeleton, joints, muscles, and nerves
Mobility vs stability
you can’t have both. either or
false joint (pseudoarthosis)
formed when there is no proper care and the body just creates a new joint
3 ways to classify a joint
structural classification
Structural categories
functional classification
3 structural classifications
Fibrous (fibrous tissue)
Cartilaginous (cartilage)
Synovial (synovial fluid)
Structural categories of fibrous joints
Gomphosis
Suture
Syndesmosis
Structural categories of Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Structural categories of Synovial Joints
Plane Joint (uniaxial)
Hinge Joint (uniaxial)
Pivot Joint (uniaxial)
Condylar Joint (biaxial)
Saddle Joint (biaxial)
Ball-and-socket joint (multiaxial)
Synarthrosis
immobile joint
amphiarthrosis
slightly mobile
diarthrosis
freely mobile
fibrous synarthrotic joints only found in the maxillae and mandible
Gomphoses
fibrous synarthrotic joints that are only found in the skull. Over time they become a synostosis (bone)
sutures
exists between the distal ends of the radius and ulna and the distal ends of the fibula and tibia. Allows slight movement (amphiarthrotic)
syndesmosis
these are possible because of the interosseous membrane that holds bones together, while allowing slight movement
syndesmosis
joined together by hyaline cartilage are also synarthroses
synchondroses
joined together by fibrocartilage and are amphiarthroses
symphyses
what is limited by the shape of the articulating bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles and the joint capsule
Range of Motion
Hyper-mobility
(double jointed) excessive laxity in a joint
enclosed by a fibroelastic joint capsule, which has an outer layer called the fibrous capsule and an inner layer called the synovial membrane
synovial joints
what does the synovial membrane secrete
a viscous oily synovial fluid which lubricates the articular cartilage and which brings nutrients and removes wastes from chondrocytes
what is actually happening when you “pop a joint”
caused by gas bubbles that form in the synovial fluid and burst
what causes cartilage to be bad at healing
it is avascular meaning it doesn’t have blood flow brining it nutrients all the time.
why is movement good
it enhances its nutrition and waste removal from the fluid surrounding synovial fluid
connect bone to bone and are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue
ligaments
fibrous saclike structures that contain synovial fluid and are lined with synovial membrane
bursae
facilitates the gliding of a tendon as it transverses a fibrous or bony tunnel
tendon sheath
where can you find tendon sheaths
they are found spanning the wrist and ankle joints
connect muscle to bone and help stabilize joints
tendon
uniaxial
moves in one plane
biaxial
moves in 2 planes
multiaxial
moves in 3 planes
simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side to side to one another
gliding motion
Flexion
angle between articulating bones decreases
extension
angle between articulating bones increases
hyperextension
past normal full extension
abduction
movement away from the midline
adduction
movement towards midline
circumduction
movement in a circle
rotation
2 bones spin on each other but angle does not change
supination
rotation of the forearm where the palm is turned upward (holding soup)
pronation
rotation of the forearm where the palm is turned downward
depression
move body part down
elevation
move body part up
dorsiflextion
move foot up, towards the dorsum of foot
plantar flexion
plantar surface down in foot
inversion
roll ankle inward
eversion
roll ankle outward
protraction
move body part forward (anteriorly)
retraction
move body part backwards (posteriorly)
opposition
bring thumb to pinky
classification of tooth to jaw
synarthrotic fibrous gomphosis
Classification of lambdoid suture
synarthrotic fibrous suture
classification of radioulnar joint and distal tib fib joint
amphiarthrosis fibrous syndesmosis
classification of
Epiphyseal plates in growing bones
Costochondral joints
synarthrotic cartilaginous synchondrosis
classification of
pubic symphysis
intervertebral disk articulations
amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis
classification of
intercarpal and intertarsal joints
inter articular facets of vertebrae
diarthrotic synovial plane joint that are uniaxial
classification of
elbow joint
knee joint
interphalangeal joints
diarthrotic synovial hinge joints that are uniaxial
classification of
atlantoaxial joint
diarthrotic synovial pivot joint that are uniaxial
classification of
metacarpophalangeal joints
metatarsophalangeal joints
diarthrotic synovial condylar joints that are biaxial
classification of
articulation between carpal and first metacarpal bone
diarthrotic synovial saddle joint that is biaxial
classification of
glenohumeral join
hip joint
diarthrotic synovial ball and socket joints that are multiaxial
flattened or slightly curved faces slide across one another
plane joint
convex feature of one bone fits into concave depression of another bone
hinge joints
bone with rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone
pivot joints
oval articular surface on one bone closely interfaces with a depressed oval surface on another bone
condylar joint
saddle-shapped articular surface on one bone closely interfaces with a saddle shapped surface on another bone
saddle joint
round-head of one bone rests within a cup shaped depression in another bone
ball and socket joint
