Appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdle and upper limbs Flashcards
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of
pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle and lower extremities
purpose of pectoral girdle
provides attachment of the arms and many of the arms associated muscles. It is a delicate structure
keep the scapulae and shoulders laterally
delicate clavicles
Congenital absence of clavicles
you have no clavicles so you can bring shoulders almost into contact with eachother
allows for ligaments to attach on clavicles
conoid tubercle
Acromioclavicular joint (A-C joint)
connects acromion of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
connects sternum and medial end of clavicle
lays over ribs 2-7 on the posterior aspect of the rib cage
scapula
The head of the humerus articulates here
glenoid cavity (shallow socket allows for a lot of movement but really bad stability)
anterior surface of the scapula
subscapular fossa
intertubercular groove of the humerous
one of the biceps runs through it
interacts with the head of the radius
capitulum
creates joint with the ulna
throchlea
is the funny bone a bone
no it is the ulnar nerve
radial fossa
accommodates the head of the radius
coronoid fossa of the humerus
receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is flexed
olecranon fossa
receives the olecranon of the ulna when the elbow is extended
medial bone of the antebrachium
ulna
lateral bone of the antebrachium
radius
where does the radius sit in the ulna
radial notch of the ulna
creates a U-shaped arrangement to help stabilize the bones of the wrist
styloid processes of on the distal radius and ulna
ulnar notch
located at the distal end of the radius, articulates with the ulna
this helps keep the radius and ulna a fixed distance from one another and also allows rotation of the forearm
interosseous membrane
how many carpal bones are there
8
what to worry about when you fracture your clavicle
damaging underlying arteries and veins. immobilize as soon as possible
fracture in the scapula
can result in fracture of the underlying ribs
what can happen if you have a scapular fracture through the genoid cavity
you can develop arthritis because the head of the humerus is articulating weird with the cavity
Blow or falls on the tip of the shoulder
dislocation of the acromion process of the scapula from the clavicle (A/C separation)
this is usually considered a shoulder separation
is it good to compare both sides of the body when examining a shoulder
yes
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder
humerus comes out anteriorly and sits in front of the glenoid cavity
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder
humerus comes out posteriorly and sits behind the glenoid cavity. Can be noticed by looking from the side
what does a wrist dropping mean when someone breaks their humerus
radial nerve has been cut or damaged
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
fracture at the distal part of the humerus around the condyles
you lose a lot of motion in joints and you will need a lot of physical therapy
dislocation of the elbow
olecranon moves posterior away from the humerus
lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
lateral epicondyle of the humerus is put under tremendous stress during a backhand stroke. Can occur when gripping things a lot
radial ulnar fracture
fracture in the radius and the ulna
Colles fracture
break in lower end of the radius with lower fragment displacement. Usually occurs with a FOOSH injury
silver fork deformity
What does FOOSH stand for?
fall on out stretched hand
