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Anatomy Exam 2 > Appendicular Skeleton pelvic girdle and lower limbs > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton pelvic girdle and lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of

A

left and right ossa coxae (each of them composed of the ilium, ischium and pubis.

Sometimes the sacrum is included

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2
Q

what does the pelvic girldle help with

A

protects and supports several abdominal organs.
Helps transfer forces

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3
Q

what does each os coxae consist of

A

illium, ischium and pubis

these are all fused together

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4
Q

What 3 bones form the acetabulum

A

pubis, illium, ischium

deeper than glenoid cavity

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5
Q

larges and uppermost of the pelvic bones

A

ilium

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6
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

where the auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the sacrum

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7
Q

what is the name of the landmark where the iliac crest terminates anteriorly

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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8
Q

where does the iliac crest terminate posteriorly

A

posterior superior iliac spini (PSIS)

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9
Q

how to locate the PSIS

A

dimples in sacral region

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10
Q

good place to do a bone marrow biopsy in the os coxae

A

posterior portion of the iliac crest

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11
Q

the posterior inferior component of the os coxae, the portion of the pelvic that we sit on

A

ischium

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12
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

bony prominence on which we sit (cause of bony butts) hamstring muscles attach here

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13
Q

how to locate ischial tuberosity

A

inferior part of the glutes around the start of the curve

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14
Q

anterior component of the ox coxae

A

pubis

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15
Q

2 pubic bones meet here

A

pubic symphysis

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16
Q

2 landmarks that contribute to the obturator foramen

A

superior and inferior ramus of pubis

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17
Q

upper portion of the pelvic basin and is enclosed by the wing-like sides of the flared iliac bones

A

false pelvis

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18
Q

lower portion of the pelvic basin and it encloses the pelvic cavity and forms a deeper narrower region that contains the pelvic organs

A

true pelvis

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19
Q

inferior opening of the pelvis

A

pelvic outlet

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20
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of the size/shape of the pelvic outlet

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21
Q

this can increase the diameter of the true pelvis during birth (parturition)

A

squatting position

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22
Q

hormone released during pregnancy
what does it do
what releases it

A

relaxin
loosens joints
released by the corpus leuteum of the ovary

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23
Q

differences in pelvis shape in male and female

A

female have wider flair of iliac crest,
more spherical true pelvis, and the pubic arch is wider than the male

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24
Q

only bone in the thigh and the strongest bone in our body

A

femur

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25
Q

common site for fractrues of the femur in elderly persons

A

neck of the femur

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26
Q

articulates with the acetabulum

A

head of the femur

27
Q

fovea of femur

A

tiny ligaments run through here to connect to acetabulum
helps bring blood to the femur

28
Q

attachment site for hip flexor group

A

lesser trochanter (medial)

29
Q

attachment site of gluteal muscles

A

greater trochanter (lateral)

30
Q

what is the purpose of the slight medial bow of the shaft of the femur

A

helps bring the knee joints more in line with the bodys plane of gravity

more bowing in females due to angle of pelvis

31
Q

what does breaking hip usually refer to

A

broken neck of femur

32
Q

how does the greater trochanter develop

A

pulling stress on the periosteum

33
Q

what is a condyle

A

part of a joint covered in cartilage

34
Q

what is an epicondyle

A

bony prominence for muscle attachment that is not part of a joint

35
Q

sesamoid bone positioned on the anterior surface of the femur

A

patella

does not articulate with the tibia

36
Q

which bone is weight bearing and which bone is not in the crural region

A

tibia - weight bearing
fibula - not weight bearing (important for muscle attachment)

37
Q

connects tibia and fibula

A

interosseous membrane

38
Q

small stabilizing bump in the center of the tibial plateau

A

intercondylar eminence

39
Q

how does the tibia articulate with the femur

A

medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the femur articulate with each other. (held together by surrounding ligaments)

40
Q

what do the fibula and tibia form at their proximal ends

A

superior tibofibular joint (proximal tib-fib joint)

41
Q

distal attachment site of the patellar ligament on the tibia

A

tibial tuberosity

42
Q

interosseous infusions

A

punching a large needle through the bone into the medullary cavity
If you cant find a good vein to inject fluids you can do it here. Helps with saving lives.

43
Q

2 locations for interosseous infustions

A

medial malleolus of the tibia

anterior crest of the tibia (medial flat part just below the tibial tuberosity)

44
Q

articulation of the inferior portions of the tibia and fibula

A

inferior tibiofibular joint

45
Q

does the fibula articulate with the femur, talus or both?

A

only the talus

46
Q

how many tarsal bones are there

A

7

47
Q

most superior of the tarsal bones, articulates with the malleoli of the tibia and fibula

A

talus

48
Q

forms the prominence of the heel and serves as an attachment site for large calf muscles (achillies tendon)

A

calcaneus

49
Q

which toe is toe #1

A

big toe

50
Q

does the big toe contain a middle phalange

A

no

51
Q

3 arches that support weight of body and provide leverage when walking

A
  1. transverse arch
  2. medial longitudinal arch
  3. lateral longitudinal arch
52
Q

Causes of pelvic fractures

A

blunt trauma
indirect forces
elderly persons who suffer from osteoporosis

53
Q

what to be cautious about when there is a fractured pelvis

A

life threatening blood loss

54
Q

2 ways to fix a fractured pelvis

A

external fixation (cast/splint)
internal fixation (screws and plates)

55
Q

What to be worried about with a femoral fracture

A

large elastic muscles which span the femur can pull jagged ends of the fractured bone through the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves causing on-going damage after the original fracture

56
Q

these devices can stop on going trauma in the femur by pulling on the leg

A

hare traction
slishman traction splint

Both of these stay on until you are in the OR

57
Q

Ways to surgically repair bones

A

plates, screws, wires, rods, nails
(make sure you remove all these and dont forget nails.)

58
Q

Potts fracture

A

occurs when a side-ways force causes both malleoli to fracture

59
Q

Calcaneal fracture

A

fracture in the calcaneus

60
Q

gangrenous (dead) tissue

A

must be surgically amputated

61
Q

Pes Cavus

A

really high arch in foot

62
Q

Pes Planus

A

really flat feet

63
Q

congenital malformation in which the sole of the foot is twisted medially

A

talipes or clubfoot

Anatomy Exam 2 (7 decks)

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