Axial Skeleton Skull, Cranial Bones Flashcards
What does the axial skeleton consist of
skull and vertebral column and the bones of the rib cage.
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of
bones of the extremities and the shoulder and pelvic girdle
How many cranial bones are there
8
how many facial bones are there
14
Cranial Cavity
houses the brain
Calvaria
upper dome-like portion consists of portions of frontal parietal and occipital bones
Base of the Cranium
Composed of portions of the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones
Composed of bone and cartilage, divides the nasal cavity into left and right halves
Nasal Septum
What makes up the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
Vomer
Septal cartilage
ethmoid
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses and where do they drain into
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinuses
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
They all drain into the nasal cavity
This forms the anterior roof and anterior floor of the cranium, the forehead, a portion of the nasal cavity roof, and the superior arch of the orbits
frontal bone
Intracranial bleeding
lacerations that expose the frontal bone. Bleeding in tissues around eyes
Supraorbital notch (foramen)
little notch in the supraorbital margin (top of eye) which allows passage of small nerves and blood vessels
Frontal sinus
Located in frontal bone and contains air, mucous and ciliated cells. Drains into the nasal cavity
Sinuses
Lined with ciliated cells with and outer layer of mucous
Forms the lateral walls of the roof of the cranium
Parietal bones
Does parietal bones contain diploe
yes
From the lower sides and part of the floor of the cranium
temporal bones
Landmarks on the petrous portion of the temporal bones
carotid canal (allows passage of internal carotid canal) and the jugular foramen (allows passage of internal jugular vein)
Craniosynostosis
premature fusion of the sagittal suture
plagiocephaly
asymmetric head shape one part has oblique flattening. (helmets help reshape head)
allows nerves and blood vessels to travel to and from the inner and middle ear. helps with balance and hearing
internal auditory canal
Where does the sternoclydomastid muscle attach
mastoid process
infection in the mastoid process
mastoiditis
squamous region of the temporal bone and what it includes
lateral flat surface below the squamosal suture. Contains the zygomatic process and the mandibular fossa
tympanic portion of the temporal bones
contains the external acoustic meatus and the styloid process
forms the back and much of the base of the skull
occipital bone
big hole in the occipital bone
foramen magnum
these allow the up and down head motion (yes motion)
occipital condyles
this bone contributes to the base of the skull
sphenoid bone
why is the sphenoid bone also known as the “bridging bone”
it unites many of the cranial and facial bones
what houses the pituitary gland
sella turcica
sphenoidal sinuses
causes sphenoid bone to be hollow and contain many foramina
what are the foramina in the sphenoid bone
optic foramen
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
this is the opening between the sphenoid and temporal bones
foramen lacerum
located in the anterior floor of the cranium between the orbits where it contributes to the roof of the nasal cavity
ethmoid bone
contains air, mucous and ciliated epithelial cells. Drains into the nasal cavity
ethmoidal sinuses
most inferior portion of the ethmoid that contributes to the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
superior portion of the ethmoid that is the attachment point for the falx cerebri
crista galli
cribriform plate
contributes to the floor of the cranium and the roof of the nose (very weak structure)
what pass through the holes in the cribriform plate to innervate the roof of the nasal cavity for our sense of smell
branches of the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1)
Fractured cribriform plate
can allow the fluid around the brain to escape into the nose and microbes to enter into meninges
most inferior portion of the ethmoid
perpendicular plate
medial projections of the ethmoid into the nasal cavity
superior and middle nasal conchae
(inferior nasal conchae are separate facial bones and are not part of the ethmoid)
separates the frontal and parietal bones
coronal suture
separates the parietal and temporal bones
squamosal sutures
separates the occipital and parietal bones
lambdoidal suture
separates the 2 parietal bones
saggital suture
