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Science for Medicine Taz > Autonomic Physiology > Flashcards

Autonomic Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the afferent nervous system.

A

The sensory neurones, what you feel.

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2
Q

What is the efferent nervous system.

A

The motor neurones, how you react.

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3
Q

What are the target cells of the Somatic Nervous System

A

Skeletal muscle.

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4
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

The voluntary nervous system. i.e walking - choosing to move your muscles.

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5
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Involuntary nervous system. things such as heart beat and bladder, secretion etc.

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6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system act on?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

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7
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A group of cell bodies found between two neurones in the autonomic nervous system.

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8
Q

Which somatic or autonomic nervous system is inotropic, and which is Metabotropic?

A 
Somatic = ionotropic - due to the neurotransmitter opening an ion channel. 
Autonomic = Metabotrophic as it is linked to G- Proteins.
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9
Q

Does the autonomic nervous system inhibit or excite?

A

Both

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10
Q

Does the somatic nervous system inhibit or excite?

A

only excites.

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11
Q

Which nervous system (somatic or autonomic) is more specialised?

A

Somatic.

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12
Q

Parasympathetic or sympathetic -which ones actions are generated from the thoracic and lumbar?

A

Sympathetic

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13
Q

In the sympathetic system, what is the ganglia close to the spinal cord called.

A

Par avertable ganglia.

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14
Q

What is collateral/prevertable ganglia?

A

In the sympathetic system, some ganglia is found in between the spinal cord and the target organ.

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15
Q

What is white ramus?

A

Preganglionic fibre.

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16
Q

What is grey ramus?

A

post ganglionic fibre.

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17
Q

What does convergence and divergence in the sympathetic nervous system lead too?

A

Mass activation.

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18
Q

Does the parasympathetic or the sympathetic system have a longer preganglionic fibre.

A

The Parasympathetic system.

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19
Q

Which autonomic nervous system secretes acetylcholine.

A

The parasympathetic nervous system.

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20
Q

What are acetylcholine’s receptors called?

A

Cholinergic receptors - nicotirin and muscarin.

21
Q

What does the sympathetic system secrete and what are it’s receptors?

A

Noradrenaline / adrenaline.

The receptors are ADRENERGIC, alpha and beta.

22
Q

In the sympathetic system, what happens in the adrenal medulla?

A

The postganglionic fibre is just a cell body, so the adrenaline /Noraadreneline is released directly into the blood stream.

23
Q

In the parasympathetic system, what is the receptor for the preganglionic transmitter.

A

nicotinic.

24
Q

In the parasympathetic system, what is the receptor for the post ganglionic transmitter..

A

Muscarine

25
Q

In the sympathetic system, what is the receptor for the preganglionic transmitter.

A

Nicotinic.

26
Q

In the sympathetic system, what is the receptor for the postganglionic transmitter.

A

ADRENERGIC receptors - alpha, beta.

27
Q

Does the parasympathetic or the sympathetic system produce a co-ordinated response.

A

Sympathetic.

28
Q

Which one in the autonomic nervous system has the ganglia close too/ in the target tissue?

A

Parasympathetic.

29
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the eye?

A

The B2 receptors on the Ciliary muscle around the lense cause the lense to relax and focus far away.
The a1 receptors on the iris, radial contract and cause the iris to grow.

30
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect the eye?

A

Muscarine receptors are activated and cause the ciliary muscle to contract, and the eye focuses close.
Muscarine receptors acting on the sphincter muscles cause the muscles to contract and the pupil to go smaller.

31
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect the heart?

A

Muscarine on pacemaker is activated, decreases the heart rate. There is little effect on myocytes so the strength of the heart beat remains the same.

32
Q

What causes the smooth muscle cells of the lung to relax and the airway to dilate?

A

The sympathetic system, acting on the beta receptors.

33
Q

What causes the smooth muscle cells of the lung to contract and constrict the airways.

A

The parasympathetic system, acting on the muscarine receptors.

34
Q

What does the B2 Agonist salbutamol do to the lungs?

A

It causes the airway to dilate. It also has no effect on the heart.

35
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to the blood vessels?

A

If the Alpha receptor is acted on, which causes the smooth muscle of vessel to contract and blood flow decreases. If the beta receptor is acted on, the smooth muscle of vessel will relax, and the blood flow will increase. The response depends on what tissue type is acted on.

36
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect blood vessels?

A

No affect.

37
Q

How does the sympathetic system effect the gut?

A

Alpha and beta are both acted on on the smooth muscle of the gut, decreases gut mobility. Alpha is acted on in pancreas, which inhibits enzyme secretion.

38
Q

Which autonomic nervous system causes the gut smooth muscle to increase gut motility, and increase secretion?

A

Parasympathetic.
Muscarine is activated in smooth muscle.
Muscarine is also activated in pancreas.

39
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect energy stores?

A

IT DOES NOTHING

40
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect energy stores?

A

Alpha and beta on liver cells are activated, which stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconegenesis.
Alpha and beta on fat cells are activated which increases lipolysis.

41
Q

How does the parasympathetic and the symapethic system undergo dual innovation in the salivary gland.

A

The sympathetic system stimulates secretion rich in enzymes. The parasympathetic system produces water secretions.

42
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the bladder?

A

B2 on the smooth muscle of bladder wall is activated, relaxes the muscle to reduce pressure. A receptor on smooth muscle of sphincter contracts smooth muscle, to stop urination.

43
Q

Does the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system cause the smooth bladder wall to contract and increase pressure, and the sphincter to relax, causing urination.

A

The parasympathetic system.

44
Q

How does the sympathetic system effect the reproductive tract?

A

A receptors on smooth muscle of urethra contract, causing ejaculation.

45
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect the reproductive tract?

A

Muscarine receptors on the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum cause the muscle to relax which causes an erection.

46
Q

What is the name given to how both the parasympathetic and sympathetic system affect the reproductive tract (both work towards reproduction)?

A

Dual innervation with complimentary effects.

47
Q

What controls all the changes brought along to the body but the autonomic nervous system?

A

The autonomic reflex.

48
Q

What is an example of an autonomic reflex?

A

The baroreceptor reflex. It detects changes in blood pressure.

49
Q

What does the control centre, the hypothalamus do?

A

Co-ordinates the autonomic, endocrine and somatic systems.

Science for Medicine Taz (14 decks)

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