anatomy of bones and joints Flashcards
What is the standard forward facing position called?
Anatomical position.
What is the medial plane?
A sagittal plane that cuts straight down the middle.
Name all the different spatial descriptors.
Top = superior, Bottom = inferior, Back = posterior, Front = Anterior.
Limbs close to attachment to trunk = Proximal
Far away from attachment point = distal.
What side does cross - sectional imaging always show.
Inferior.
What is a joint?
A union between two or more rigid components (bone or cartilage).
Why do we need joints?
Bones are very rigid, so require joints for movement. Also require them for growth.
Name the three types of joints.
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
What type of joint is made of dense fibrous connective tissue?
Fibrous joint.
Fibrous joints have little movement in adults but more in children. Why is this beneficial?
Fibrous joints are found in sutures in the brain. The movement of these joints in children is beneficial for the children for flexibility as they are born.
What kind of joints are found in teeth and between two leg bones.
Fibrous joints.
What are the names of the primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses - primary - one types of cartilage
Symphyses - secondary - two types of cartilage
What type of cartilaginous bone ossifies.
Synchondroses.
What type of cartilaginous bone allows bone growth and has no movement.
Synchondroses.
Where is symphyses found?
Midline, pubic bone and spine.
Which type of joint has the greatest movement?
Synovial joints.
What is a bursae and what type of joint is it found in?
It is a fluid filled sack. It is found in synovial joints, where there is a high risk of friction. It fills the cavity and provides lubricant and nutrients.
What is an intrinsic ligament.
A ligament in the synovial capsule.
What is an extrinsic ligament?
Outwith the synovial capsule.
Name the 6 types of synovial joints.
Hinge, Saddle, Plane, Pivot, Ball and socket, Condylar.
What is a condylar synovial joint like?
A large cymbal spooning a small cymbal.
What joint movement involves lifting your arm out straight in front and straight behind yourself?
Flexion/ extension.
What is adduction and abduction.
Abductionn = arm going out the sides away from body. adduction = arms coming into body.
What is lateral/medial rotation?
Twisting arm without lifting it.
What is circumduction?
arm at 90 degrees and moving in circles.
What is inversion?
Twist foot inside.
What is eversion?
Twist foot out the way.
What is dorsi-/plantar flexion
Dorsi - back
Plantar flexion - forward
How come joints are not that stable?
As they have movement.
How are joints stabilised?
Muscle, fibrous capsules and ligaments, shape of articulating surfaces.
What are anastomoses?
Network of blood vessels around joints to allow blood to flow in variety of ways.
What is the term for being away of your bodies positions in space.
Proprioception.
What is hiltons law.
A nerve that supplies a muscle also enervates the joint that the muscle crosses.
What type of joint does arthritis affect?
Intervertrabal disks - cartilaginous .
