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Pharmacology > Autonomic NS & Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic NS & Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic ns

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

how to synth. ach

A

acetyl coa + choline

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3
Q

Which ion is needed to cause a action potential at a synapse?

A

Na+

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4
Q

what does acetylcholine cause

A
  • myosis
  • salivation
  • bradycardia
  • branchi bladder constr.
  • stimulates GI
  • inhibits glucose release
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5
Q

primary neurotransmitter of sympathetic NS

A

Noradrenaline(catecholamine)

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6
Q

Synth. of NE

A

phenylalanine > tyrosine > dopamine > NE > E

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7
Q

What does NE

A
  • mydriasis
  • slows salivation
  • tachycardia
  • relaxes bronchi, bladder
  • inhibtis GI
  • releases Gluc.
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8
Q

Which Ach receptor types are there

A

muscarinic, nicotinic

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9
Q

Which antagonists inhibit which receptor

A
  • MAch - Atropine

- NAch - Curare

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10
Q

Name all the direct parasympathomimetics (5)

A
  • Ach
  • Bethanachol
  • Pilocarpine
  • Carbacol
  • Methacholine
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11
Q

Name all the of the indirect parasympathetics (5)

A
  • Physostigmine
  • Pyridostigmine
  • Neostigmine
  • Edrophonium
  • Organophsophates
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12
Q

Name 4 of the 8 parasympatholytics

A
  • atropine
  • tropicamide
  • Ipratropium
  • Butyl-scopolamine
  • Glycopyrrolate
  • Homatropine
  • Benzethemide
  • Levodopa
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13
Q

Which of the 2 Ach rec is a simple ion channel

A

Nicotinic

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14
Q

What kind of rec. is Muscarinic

A

G-protein

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15
Q

How many types of MAch rec are there

A

3

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16
Q

Where can you find which type of MAch rec.

A

M1,M3 - stomach, bronchi, eye, vessel

M2 - heart

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17
Q

Cholinergic

A

parasympathimimetics

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18
Q

Anticholinergic

A

parasympatholytics

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19
Q

Ach has a long T1/2 t/f

A

f only 2 mins

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20
Q

Name the parasympathomimetics that bind non specific

A
  • Ach

- Carbachol

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21
Q

What is Carbachol used for

A

-esp. swine emetic and eye drops

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22
Q

which direct parasympathomimetcs are specific for MAch

A
  • Bethanechol

- Methacholine

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23
Q

ind. for bethanechol

A
  • int. peristalsis

- urinary bladder paralysis

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24
Q

What is pilocarpine used in

A

glaucoma and KCS

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25
Q

how do the indirect sympathomimetic act

A

they inhibit Ach esterae and create more Ach in synapse

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26
Q

What are possible side effects of indirect parasymp.

A
  • in NAch - excess Ach - muscular spasms
  • in MAch - build up can cause bradycardia, myosis
  • mental effects of high Ach dose
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27
Q

What does Ach esterase do

A

hydrolyses Ach into acetic acid and choline

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28
Q

Characterize physostigmine

A
  • lipophilic
  • high abs. and penetration within GI
  • easy to overdose
  • used for atropine poisoning and glaucoma
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29
Q

Neostigmine is absorbed how?

A

not in GI only IV or IM

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30
Q

Does Neostigmine cause BBB

A

no

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31
Q

What is neostigmine used in?

A

myasthenia gravis & spinal surgery - as an antidote against the paralysis

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32
Q

how does Edrophonium work differently

A

competitively inhibits Ach in neuromuscular junction

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33
Q

In which plants is atropine found

A

Datura stramonium, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger

34
Q

Name the effects of Atropine

A
  • tachycardia
  • mydriasis
  • bronchi dilation
  • constipation
  • high dose - hallucinations
35
Q

Does Atropine cross the BBB

A

yes

36
Q

what can Atropine be used in Bronchi

A

RAO in EQ

Asthma in Fe and HO

37
Q

Name all the non specific sympathomimetics

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
  • Dopamine
38
Q

Name the subgroups of the specific sympathomimetics

A
  • beta1 agonists
  • beta2 agonists
  • alpha1 agonists
  • alpha2 agonists
39
Q

Name the 2 Beta1 agonists

A
  • Dobutamine

- Isoproterenol

40
Q

Name 3 of the 5 Beta2 agonists

A
  • Clenbuterole
  • Terbutaline
  • Isoxsupine
  • Salbutamole
  • Salmeterole
41
Q

Name 3 of the 7 alpha 1 agonists

A

-Phenyleprine
-Oxymetazoline
-Ephedrine
..
.
.

42
Q

Name all the alpha 2 agonists (4)

A
  • Xylazine
  • Medetomidine
  • Detomidine
  • Romifidine
43
Q

Name 2 non specific sympatholytics

A
  • Phenoxybenzamine
  • Propranole
  • Timolole
44
Q

At which receptors do the specific sympatholytics act

A
  • alpha 1
  • alpha 2
  • beta 1
45
Q

Name the alpha 2 sympatholytics

A
  • Atipamezole

- Yohimbine

46
Q

Adrenergic receptors are simple ion receptors t/f

A

f

47
Q

Adrenergic receptors are enzymatic-coupled receptors t/f

A

f

48
Q

Adrenergic receptors are G-Protein receptors t/f

A

t

49
Q

The binding of an catecholamine at an adrenergic recptor will inhibit the sympathetic nervous response t/f

A

f

50
Q

Which receptors does NE target

A
  • alpha 1

- beta 1

51
Q

Which receptors does Epinephrine target

A

-beta 1&2

52
Q

What is the action of alpha 1 receptors

A

smooth muscle contraction

53
Q

What does alpha 1 action cause

A
  • mydriasis

- vasoconst.

54
Q

What is the action of alpha 2 rec.

A

-inhibits NE release

55
Q

What does the action of alpha 2 rec. cause in regards to blood gluc.

A

-inhibits insulin release - raises blood gluc. level

56
Q

On what organ do the Beta1 receptors act

A

cardiac muscle

57
Q

How do the Beta1 receptors act on the cardiac muscles

A
  • positive inotropic

- positive chronotropic

58
Q

What does the beta 2 rec. cause

A
  • vasodilation
  • bronchidilation
  • uterus relaxation
59
Q

Which receptor is the most important for the respiratory system

A

beta 2

60
Q

Where does adrenaline bind at a higher dose alpha/beta

A

alpha (3-5x)

61
Q

Adrenaline is useful in shock treatment t/f

A

f - bp can increase but vessels also expand

62
Q

Name the indication for adrenaline

A
  • Cardiac stop
  • severe bronchoconstr.
  • anaphylaxis
  • local vasoconst.
  • to extend duration of anaesthetics
63
Q

What does NE cause

A

-significant increase of BP

64
Q

NE acts on alpha 2 and beta 1 receptors t/f

A

f

65
Q

NE acts on alpha 1 and beta 1 rec. t/f

A

t

66
Q

NE is useful in shock treatment t/f

A

t

67
Q

What are indications for NE

A

hypotension

68
Q

What is special about the effect of dopamine

A

effect depends on dose

69
Q

Dobutamine is a beta 2 agonist t/f

A

f

70
Q

What does dobutamine cause

A

tachycardia, incr. BP

71
Q

Name 2 beta 2 agonists

A
  • Clenbutarole

- Salbutarole

72
Q

Beta 2 agonists can act on beta 1 at higher doses t/f

A

t

73
Q

What do beta 1 agonists cause

A

broncho dilation, uterus relaxation

74
Q

Which beta 2 agonsits acts the most on beta 1 rec.

A

Clenbutarole

75
Q

Name the SE of beta 2 agonists

A
  • arrhytmia
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia
76
Q

Name the ind. for beta 2 agonists

A
  • RAO - eq
  • feline asthma
  • bronchitis
  • tracheal hypoplasia
77
Q

Which alpha 1 agonists would be used for eye drops

A

Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline

78
Q

In which drug-category would alpha 2 agonists fit?

A

Sedatohypnotics

79
Q

Name 3 Sympatholytics

A

Atipamezole, Yohimbine, Propranole

80
Q

Which rec. do Yohimbine and atipamezole antagonise

A

Alpha 2

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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