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Physiology Exam I > Autonomic Nervous System II > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System II Flashcards

1
Q

Where is aqueous humor formed

A

ciliary epithelium

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2
Q

Pupillary sphincter is controlled by what

A

muscarinic receptors

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3
Q

What is ciliary muscle innervated by

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers

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4
Q

What does cholinergic activation of ciliary muscle cause

A

miosis and near accommodation

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5
Q

What is radial (dilatory) muscle controlled by

A

sympathetic alpha 1 fibers

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6
Q

What type of receptors does ciliary epithelium have

A

beta1 and beta2

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7
Q

What does activation of beta1 and beta2 receptors in ciliary epithelium cause

A

increased production of aqueous humor

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8
Q

What type of receptors predominate in the heart

A

M2

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9
Q

What does muscarinic activation in SA node cause

A

decreased HR

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10
Q

What does muscarinic activation in the AV node cause

A

decreases conduction velocity

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11
Q

What does muscarinic activation in atrial muscle cause

A

decreased atrial contraction

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12
Q

What does muscarinic activation in ventricular muscle cause

A

decreased ventricular contraction

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13
Q

What type of receptors predominate in the lung

A

M3

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14
Q

What does muscarinic activation of bronchi and broncholes cause

A

contraction

bronchospasm

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15
Q

What does muscarinic activation of bronchiolar submucosal glands cause

A

secretion

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16
Q

What GI organs do M3 receptors predominate?

A

Stomach

Intestine

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17
Q

What does muscarinic activation of stomach cause

A

increased motility

cramps

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18
Q

What does muscarinic activation of intenstines cause

A

contraction
diarrhea
incontinence

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19
Q

Where do M1 receptors predominate in the GI tract

A

glands

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20
Q

What does muscarinic activation cause in GI glands?

A

secretion

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21
Q

What receptors predominate in the bladder

A

M3

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22
Q

How does activation of M3 receptor help with urination

A

contract detrusor muscle
relax trigone
inhibit contraction of sphincter

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23
Q

What endothelium is intact,activation of M3R on endothelial cells leads to what

A

Production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) which cause vasodilation

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24
Q

What endothelium is damaged, activation of M3R on endothelial cells leads to what

A

vasocontriction

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25
Q

What type of nicotinic receptor is on the adrenal medulla

A

Nn

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26
Q

What type of nicotinic receptor is on autonomic ganglia

A

Nn

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27
Q

What type of nicotinic receptor is on neuromuscula rjunction

A

Nm

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28
Q

What is the response of nicotinic activation of the adrenal medulla

A

secretion of epinephrine and NE

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29
Q

What is the response of nicotinic activation of autonomic ganglia

A

net effects depend on PANS/SANS innervation and dominance

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30
Q

What is the response of nicotinic activation of neuromuscular junction

A

Twitch/hyperactivity of skeletal muscle

31
Q

What is the rate limiting step of the synthesis of cathelomines

A

converting tyrosine to DOPA

32
Q

The conversion of tyrosine to DOPA can be inhibited by what?

A

metyrosine

33
Q

What is normally the final product in catecholamines

A

Norepinephrine

34
Q

What is the final product of catecholamine synthesis in adrenal medulla and certain areas of brain

A

epinephrine

35
Q

What is the final product of catecholamine synthesis in dopaminergic neurons

A

dopamine

36
Q

How are catecholamines stored

A

transported into vescile by vesicular monoamine transport (VMAT)

37
Q

What is VMAT inhibited by

A

reserpine

38
Q

How are catecholamines terminated by simple diffusion

A

Catecholamines diffuse into circulation and are metabolized by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

39
Q

How are catecholamines reuptaked neuronally

A

taken up at nerve terminals by solute carriers

40
Q

How are catecholamines reuptaked extraneuronally

A

using extraneuronal transporters

41
Q

What happens after catecholamines have been reuptaked

A

can be restored into vesicles or metabolized by MAO

42
Q

What type of receptors are adrenergic receptors?

A

G-protein coupled

43
Q

What are the 3 main mechanisms of adrenergic receptors?

A

a. Activation of phospholipase C which increased inositol triphosphate and DAG concentrations, as well as increased protein kinase C activity
b. Inhibit adenylyl cyclase, which decreases cAMP conc. And decreases protein kinase A
c. Activate adenylyl cyclase leading to increased cAMP and protein kinase A activity

44
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of dilator muslce of eye

A

radial muscle contration

mydriasis

45
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of arterioles

A

contraction
increased TPR
increased afterload

46
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of veins

A

contraction
increased venous return
increased preload

47
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of liver

A

increased glycogenolysis

48
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of male repro

A

ejaculation

49
Q

Effect of alpha1 activation of bladder trigone and internal sphincter

A

contraction

urinary retention

50
Q

Effect of alpha2 activation on prejunctional nerve terminal

A

decrased transmitter release and NE synthesis

51
Q

Effect of alpha2 activation on platelets

A

aggregation

52
Q

Effect of alpha2 activation on pancrease

A

decreased insulin secretion

53
Q

Effect of beta1 on SA node

A

increased heart rate

54
Q

Effect of beta1 on AV node

A

increased conudction velocity

55
Q

Effect of beta1 on atrial and ventricular muscle

A

increased force of contraction, conduction, velocity, cardiac output, oxygen consumption

56
Q

Effect of beta1 on His-Purkinje system

A

increased automaticity and conduction velocity

57
Q

Effect of beta1 on kidney

A

incrased renin release

58
Q

Effect of beta2 adrenoceptor activation on blood vessels

A

vasodilation

decreased TPR, diastolic BP, afterload

59
Q

Effect of beta2 on uterus

A

relaxation

60
Q

Effect of beta2 on bronchioles

A

dilation

61
Q

Effect of beta2 on skeletal muscle

A

increased glycogenolysis - contractility

62
Q

Effect of beta2 on liver

A

increased glycogenolysis

63
Q

Effect of beta2 on pancreas

A

increased insulin secretion

64
Q

Effect of dopaminergic activation on renal, mesenteric, coronary vasculature

A

increased glomerular filtration rate
increased vasodilation in kidney
increased renal blood flue
increased sodium excretion

65
Q

what is the predominate reeceptor found in the heart

A

M2

66
Q

what happens when M3 receptors get activated in blood vessels via endothelial cells

A

influx of Ca++
activation of NOS
NO travels into smooth muscle, causing relazation

67
Q

what inhibits VAMP

A

vretylium

68
Q

what can happen when NE is released from axon

A
  • can bind to receptors on postsynpatic cell
  • diffuse into ECM and possibily blood stream
  • can activate autoreceptos on axon terminal
69
Q

what blocks NE

A

NET1

70
Q

what inhibits NET1

A

cocaine, TCAs

71
Q

alpha 1 receptors

A

activated by NE
common in vascular smooth muscle
Gq coupled protein

72
Q

B receptors

A

stimualtory

incrase cAMP by activating adenylyl cyclase

73
Q

a2 receptors

A

inhibitory

decreases cAMP by inactivating adenylyl cyclase

Physiology Exam I (11 decks)

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