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Physiology Exam I > Autonomic Nervous System I > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System I Flashcards

1
Q

alpha motor neurons

A

connect CNS to skeletal muscle

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2
Q

The somatic and autonomic nervous system are part of what

A

PNS

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3
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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4
Q

What type of response do you get from the somatic nervous system

A

always excitatory

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5
Q

Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons

A

thoraco-lumbar spine (think the sympathetic chain)

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6
Q

Where do sympathetic fibers exit?

A

ventral roots

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7
Q

Where do sympathetic fivers enter?

A

whtie rami communicantes

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8
Q

What are the 3 modes of innervation in the sympathetic division?

A
  1. Preganglion neuron to paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia
  2. Preganglionic neuron to specialized ganglia or target organs
  3. Preganglionic neurons to organ (adrenal medulla)
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9
Q

What cranial nerves does the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers run through?

A

oculomotor
facial
flossopharygeal
vagus

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10
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia

A

close to targets

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11
Q

Where is the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic fibers

A

bladder
descending colon
rectum
genitals

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12
Q

What is the enteric system

A

a system of ganglia sandwiched between layers of the gut and connected by a dense meshwork of nerve fibers

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13
Q

Function of myenteric plexus

A

motility

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14
Q

Function of submucosal plexus

A

ion and fluid transport

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15
Q

What does the enteric system receive input from?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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16
Q

What does dual innervation refer to?

A

most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
these fibers are opposing/coordinating (not antagonistic)

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17
Q

Which parts of the body only receive sympathetic innervation

A 
hair follicles
thermoregulatory sweat gland
liver
adrenal glands
kidney
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18
Q

How is Choline taken up into the neuron terminal

A

using choline transport (CHT)

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19
Q

What can CHT be blocked by?

A

hemicholiniums

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20
Q

How is acetylcholine synthesized

A

from choline and acetyl CoA using the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

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21
Q

How does SCh get transported into the storage vesicle

A

by vesicle-associated tranporter (VAT)

22
Q

What can VAT be inhibited by

A

vesamicol

23
Q

What else is stored in the ACh vesicle

A

peptides
ATP
proteoglycan

24
Q

Where are vesicles located

A

a. Inner surface of the nerve terminal facing the synapse through the interation of VAMPs and SNAPs

25
Q

How does the vesicle get released

A
  1. Ca++-Calmodulin interacts with CAMP synaptotagmin on the vesicle membrane
  2. Triggers fusion of the besicle membrane with the terminal membrane
  3. Opens pore into synapse
  4. This causes exocytotic expulsion of Ach into the synaptic cleft
26
Q

How does ACh get terminated?

A

the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

27
Q

What does AchE do

A

split ACh into choline and acetate

28
Q

What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors

A

muscarinic

nicotinic

29
Q

muscarinic cholinergeric receptor

A

G-coupled protein

30
Q

nicotinic cholinergeric receptor

A

transmembrane ion channel

31
Q

When is the nicotrinic cholinergic receptor closed

A

when no ACh is bound

32
Q

When is the nicotinic cholinergic receptor open

A

ACh bound to each of the two subunits

33
Q

adernall medulla can be considered what

A

a large sympathetic ganglion

34
Q

sympathetic fibers

A

short preganglion, long postganglionic

35
Q

parasympathetic fibers

A

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

36
Q

neuron of preganglionic axon starts where

A

intermediolateral cell column

37
Q

what is unique about the adrenal medulla

A

goes straight into bloodstream without post-ganglionic fibers

38
Q

what is unique about enteric nervous system

A

can function normally without extrinsic input

39
Q

what is unique about the innervation of salivary glands

A

stimulation of SNS and PNS both cause increase in production of saliva, but via different mechanisms

40
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle gland cells, nerve terminals

A

medulla to ACh acting on neuron, Neuron causes release of ACh to muscle

41
Q

sympathetic innervation of sweat glands

A

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases ACh on muscle

42
Q

sympathetic innervation of cardiac, smooth muscle gland cells and nerve terminals

A

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases NE to muscle

43
Q

sympathetic innervation of renal vascular smooth muscle

A

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases dopamine on muscle

44
Q

somatic innervation of skeletal muscle

A

Ach from spinal cord to muscle

45
Q

neurotransmitters of adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine and NE

46
Q

what is the most common M receptor

A

subtype 3

47
Q

narrow angle of cilary body causes what

A

reduce drainage

48
Q

increased angle of ciliary boy causes what

A

better drainage

49
Q

activation of M3 receptors in the eye causes what

A

narrows iris

reduces intraocular pressure

50
Q

normally, what receptor controls the sphincter muscle in the eye

A

M2

Physiology Exam I (11 decks)

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