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Neurology > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ANS?

A

Part of the PNS
Not under conscious control
Controls non-skeletal peripheral function

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2
Q

What muscles are controlled by the ANS?

A

Cardiac
Smooth muscle
Internal organs
Skin

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3
Q

What are the two branches of ANS?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

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4
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Rest and Digest

Routine maintenance

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5
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight and Flight

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6
Q

What are the effects of the ANS on your pupil?

A

P: Constriction
S: Dilation

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7
Q

What are the effects of the ANS on your heart?

A

P: Lowers rate and contractility
S: Increases rate and contractility

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8
Q

What are the effects of the ANS on your stomach?

A

P: Increases motility and secretion
S: Decreases motility and secretion

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9
Q

Give an example where the PNS and SNS do not both have effects

A

Blood vessels- only SNS

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10
Q

Outline what the ANS does?

A

React to sensory information received in the integrating centre

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11
Q

Give an example of action of ANS

A

Sensory information relayed by baroreceptors determines PNS/ SNS control of heart rate

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12
Q

Where fo visceral motor nuclei originate?

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

What happens to the visceral motor neurones?

A

Project to the brainstem or the spinal cord where they synapse with autonomic neurones

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14
Q

In general, what do autonomic neurones consist of?

A 
Two neurones (pre and post ganglionic)
A  ganglion
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15
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A nerve cell cluster or group of nerve cell bodies

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16
Q

What is the structure of neurones in the PaNS?

A

Long pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to (or embedded within effector tissues)
Short post-ganglionic fibres

17
Q

What is the structure of neurones in the SNS?

A

Short pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to original site of pre-ganglionic neurones
Long post-ganglionic fibres

18
Q

What is the exception to this structure?

A

Adrenal gland
One nerve (no pre and post)
Secreted hormone not neurotransmitter
Secreted into bloodstream not synapse

19
Q

From what is ACh released from?

A

All pre-ganglionic neurones

PNS post-ganglionic neurones

20
Q

From what is NA released from?

A

SNS post-ganglionic neurones

21
Q

What effect would a drop in blood pressure have on the ANS function?

A

Less baroreceptor firing
Loose PNS effects
SNS effects become dominant

22
Q

What effect would the smell of food have on the ANS function?

A

Preparation of GI

PNS becomes dominant

23
Q

What would exposure to bright sunlight have on ANS function?

A

Pupils constrict

Driven by PNS

24
Q

What is unusual about the lungs?

A

There are PNS nerves innervating the lung tissue

No sympathetic neurones innervating lung tissue

25
Q

How does SNS influence lung function?

A

Hormone

26
Q

What type of receptor would you want at an autonomic ganglia?

A

Ach Ion channel receptor

27
Q

What is the advantage of G-protein coupled receptors?

A

The cell has more control

Can modulate rather than only open and close

28
Q

What do muscarinic ACh receptors do?

A

Respond the Ach release from post-ganglionic PNS fibres

29
Q

What do adrenergic receptors do?

A

Respond to NA release from post-ganglionic SNS fibres of adrenaline via blood

30
Q

How are neurotransmitters produced?

A

Precursor enzymatically converted to neurotransmitter
Packaged into vesicles
Action potential causes Ca influx and exocytosis
Neurotransmitter release
Receptor activation
Removal of neurotransmitter from synapse via uptake into pre-synaptic terminal or glial cell

31
Q

What is step 1 with ACh?

A

Choline and acetyl CoA

converted by acetyl transferase

32
Q

What is step 6 with ACh?

A

Degraded by acetylcholinesterase

Choline taken up into pre-synaptic terminal by choline uptake protein

33
Q

What is step 1 with NA?

A

Tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase

DOPA to Dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase

34
Q

What is step 2 with NA?

A

Dopamine in vesicles with Dopamine beta hydroxylase produces NA

Neurology (19 decks)

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