Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Autonomic nervous system
Regulates = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System:
(a) Regulates
- Homeostasis (optimal internal environment)
- Circulation
- Respiration
- Rigestion
- Metabolism
- Secretions
- Body temperature
Efferent of Autonomic Nervous System:
_ (?) _ and _ (?) _ compliment each other in the regulation of organ system function.
Autonomic Nervous System
Efferent of Autonomic Nervous System:
(a) Sympathetic = Fight or flight
(b) Parasympathetic = Rest or digest
- a+b = Compliment each other in the regulation of organ system function
Dual innervation in ANS
- Sympathetic originates in = ?
- Parasympathetic originates in = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Dual innervation in ANS:
- Sympathetic NS originates in thoracolumbar SC.
- Parasympathetic originates in brainstem and sacral spinal cord.
Organization of Nervous System
CNS & Effector Organs:
- Somatic = ?
- Sympathetic = ?
- Parasympathetic = ?
- Adrenal Medula = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Organization of Nervous System:
- Somatic = Skeletal muscle
- Sympathetic = Smooth muscle , glands , Sweat glands
- Parasympathetic = Smooth muscle , glands
- Adrenal Medula = Epinephrine , Norepinephrine
Neurons and Receptors
- Adrenergic neurons release = ?
- Cholinergic neurons = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons and Receptors:
(a) Adrenergic neurons
- Release norepinephrine
- Receptors for norepinephrine are called adrenoreceptors
(b) Cholinergic neurons
- Release acetylcholine
- Receptors for ACh are called cholinoreceptors
Neurons and receptors
All preganglionic neurons are = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons and Receptors:
- All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic.
Cholinergic refers to those receptors which respond to the transmitter acetylcholine and are mostly parasympathetic.
Neurons and Receptors
Postganglionic neurons may be (?) or (?).
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons and Receptors:
- Postganglionic neurons may be adrenergic or cholinergic.
Neurons and Receptors
Type of receptors and its mechanism of action determine nature of (?).
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons and Receptors:
- Type of receptors and its mechanism of action determine nature of physiologic response.
Neurons and Receptors
Physiologic responses are (?) and (?) specific.
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons and Receptors:
- Physiologic responses are tissue and cell type specific.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
- What increases = ?
- What decreases = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
FIGHT OR FLIGHT: Increased
- Arterial pressure
- Blood flow to active muscles
- Metabolic rate
- Blood glucose concentration
- Heart rate and contractility
- Mental activity and alertness
- Ventilation
Decreased
- GI motility
- Blood flow
- Peristalsis and secretions
Parasympathetic nervous system
- Preganglionic neurons arise from nuclei of cranial nerves = ?
- Or from sacral spinal cord segments = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System:
(a) Overall function is restorative, to conserve energy.
(b) Preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in either the
- Brainstem (midbrain, pons and medulla), or
- Sacral spinal cord.
- Preganglionic axons project to ganglia and then the effector organs.
(c) Preganglionic neurons arise from nuclei of
- cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10, or
- Sacral spinal cord segments S2-S4.
- It is called cranio-sacral
(d) All preganglionic are cholinergic.
(e) Most postganglionic are also cholinergic.
Effect of autonomic nervous system on organ system functions = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic control of bladder function
Parasympathetic or Sympathetic:
- Filling of bladder = ?
- Emptying of bladder = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Control of Bladder Function:
(a) Filling of bladder = Sympathetic (L1-L3)
(b) Emptying of bladder = Parasympathetic (S2-S4)
Parasympathetic or Sympathetic stimulation:
- Pupillary Constriction = ?
- Pupillary Dilation = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
(-) Pupillary Constriction =
- Parasympathetic stimulation of circular muscle.
(-) Pupillary Dilation =
- Sympathetic stimulation of radial muscle.
Near/ Far vision
- Flattened lens = (?) refraction
- Round lens = (?) refraction
Autonomic Nervous System
Near/ Far vision:
- Flattened lens = weak refraction
- Round lens = strong refraction
Summary
ANS has two major divisions = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
(a) ANS has two major divisions
- Parasympathetic
- Sympathetic
Summary
Efferent pathway consist of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, which synapse in = ?
Autonomic Nervous System
(a) Efferent pathway consist of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, which synapse in autonomic ganglion.
Summary
Sympathetic and parasympathetic division have (?) effects but work in a coordinated fashion.
Autonomic Nervous System
(a) Sympathetic and parasympathetic division have reciprocal effects but work in a coordinated fashion.
Summary
Autonomic receptors can be (?) or (?).
Autonomic Nervous System
(a) Autonomic receptors can be adrenergic (adrenoreceptors) or cholinergic (cholinoreceptors).
- Adrenergic Receptors = Cell surface glycoproteins that recognize and selectively bind the catecholamines, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
- Cholinergic Receptors = Receptors which respond to the transmitter acetylcholine and are mostly parasympathetic
