Autism spectrum disorder

Question 1

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 1

Syndrome of distinct behavioural abnormalities

Question 2

What is the pathology f autism?

Answer 2

Defects in synaptic function, neural migration and brain development

Question 3

What is the strongest risk factor for autism?

Answer 3

FH

Question 4

What are the risk factors for autism?

Answer 4

FH
Male
Certain infections and toxins during pregnancy

Question 5

What is autism associated with?

Answer 5

Epilepsy
Learning difficulties in 50%
Average or above average intelligence in 50%

Question 6

What is the presentation of autism?

Answer 6

Normally at 12-18months
Females may present atypically 
Communicaton
-lack of reciprocal conversation 
-difficulty expressing emotion
-declarative pointing 
-eye contact= too much or little
-non responsive to name 
Decreased social understanding 
Repetitive behaviour
-rigid and inflexible patterns 
-obsessions, preoccupation and interests

Question 7

What is the management of autism in children?

Answer 7

Early and intense speech and behaviour intervention
Coping mechanisms
Pharmacology

Question 8

What pharmacological therapies are used in children with autism?

Answer 8

Risiperidone, aripriprazole, fluoxetine
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
MElatonin

Question 9

What is the management of autism in adolescents and adults?

Answer 9

Social skills training, family support and education
Multidisciplinary therapies, CBT
Medication

Question 10

What medications are used in adolescents and adults with autism?

Answer 10

Risiperidone or aripriprazole

Fluoxetine