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Australia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top five planted grapes in Australia

A

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Semillon

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2
Q

What is the government agency in Australia that maintains oversight for the industry

A

Wine Australia

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3
Q

Wine Australia introduced the Label Integrity Program for the 1990 vintage, requiring any wines labeled by variety, vintage, or region to contain a minimum of_____% of the stated grape, year, or region, respectively.

A

85%, If multiple varieties are to be listed on the label (i.e., Grenache-Syrah-Mourvèdre) the grapes must be listed in order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum 85% of the blend must appear on the label, and no listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed variety.

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4
Q

The first Australian GI’s were rolled out in which year?

A

1994

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5
Q

What does GI stand for

A

Geographical Indication

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6
Q

What are the broadest GI terms from largest to smallest

A

The broadest Geographical Indications—apart from the countrywide Australia GI itself—are states, followed by zones, regions, and sub-regions.

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7
Q

How are GI regions and sub-regions defined

A

Regions and sub-regions are defined by Wine Australia as single tracts of land, comprising at least five independently owned vineyards of at least five hectares apiece, with a minimum annual output of 500 tonnes of wine grapes. Regions are not necessarily contained within a single zone, nor are zones necessarily contained within a single state.

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8
Q

The multistate zone of South Eastern Australia contains which states

A

Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales, along with the winegrowing areas of South Australia and Queensland.

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9
Q

According to the Barossa Old Vine Charter, how old are Old Vines, Survivor Vines, Centenarian Vines, and Ancestor Vines

A

Old Vines (at least 35 years of age), Survivor Vines (at least 70 years of age), Centenarian Vines (at least 100 years old) and Ancestor Vines (at least 125 years old). Producers may use these designations on labels, provided vineyard sources meet the requisite age.

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10
Q

Which two parallel valleys divide the Barossa Zone

A

Barossa Valley GI and Eden Valley GI

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11
Q

What are the 6 states of Australia

A 
New South Wales
South Australia
Victoria
Western Australia
Queensland
Tasmania
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12
Q

What are the zones of New South Wales

A 
Northern Slopes
    Northern Rivers
    Hunter Valley
    Central Ranges
    Southern New South Wales
    South Coast
    Western Plains
    Big Rivers
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13
Q

What is the only GI of Northern Slopes zone

Northern Slopes is in New South Wales

A

New England Australia GI

State: New South Wales
Major Towns: Inverell, Armidale, Glen Innes, Tenterfield
Total Hectares Under Vine: 150 ha (2012, Wine Australia)
Major Grapes and Wine Styles:

    Red Grapes (63%): Shiraz, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
    White Grapes (37%): Chardonnay, Semillon

Latitude: 29° 14’ S
Mean January Temperature: 19.2-22.8° C (66.5-73° F)
Soil Types: rich alluvial soils in the south near Tamworth, granite and basalt at higher elevations to the north, terra rossa soils exist at high altitudes
Growing Season Rainfall (Oct-Apr): 539-604 mm (21.2-23.7 inches)
Major Natural Features:

Great Dividing Range
Black Mountain (home to Australia's highest altitude vineyard, at 1320 meters above sea level)
Peel, Gwydir, and Severn Rivers
Moonbi Hills

Key Producers: New England Estate, Blickling Estate
First Commercial Plantings: 1841 (George Wyndham’s Bukkulla estate)
GI Established: 2008

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14
Q

What is the GI of Northern Rivers Zone

Northern Rivers is in New South Wales

A

Hastings River GI

State: New South Wales
Major Towns: Port Macquarie
Major Grapes and Wine Styles: 
    Red Grapes (50%): Chambourcin, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
    White Grapes (50%): Semillon, Chardonnay
Latitude: 31° 27' S
Mean January Temperature: 22.5° C (72.5° F)
Soil Types: rich alluvial soils and red volcanic soils
Growing Season Rainfall (Oct-Apr): 1080 mm (42.5 inches)
Major Natural Features: 
    Broken Bago Range
    Pacific Ocean
    Hastings River
Key Producers: Bago Vineyards, Cassegrain
First Commercial Plantings: 1837
First Modern Plantings: 1980 (Cassegrain planted the region's first vineyard 60 years after viticulture ceased in the early 20th century.)
GI Established: 1999
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15
Q

What is the GI of Hunter Valley Zone

Hunter Valley is in New South Wales

A

Hunter GI

State: New South Wales
Subregions:
    Upper Hunter Valley GI (est. 2010)
    Pokolbin GI (within Lower Hunter, between Singleton and Cessnock, est. 2010)
    Broke Fordwich GI (within Lower Hunter, west of Pokolbin, est. 1997)

Unofficial Subregions: Allandale, Belford, Dalwood, Rothbury (all located in the Lower Hunter)
Major Towns:
    Upper Hunter Valley: Muswellbrook
    Lower Hunter: Singleton, Maitland, Cessnock
Total Hectares Under Vine: 2,640 ha (2012, Wine Australia)
Major Grapes and Wine Styles: 
    Red Grapes (43%): Shiraz, Merlot
    White Grapes (57%): Semillon, Chardonnay, Verdelho
Latitude:
    Upper Hunter Valley GI: 32° 15' S
    Lower Hunter: 32° 50' S
Mean January Temperature: 
    Upper Hunter Valley GI: 22.3° C (72° F)
    Lower Hunter: 22.7° C (73° F)
Soil Types: 
    Upper Hunter Valley GI: black silt loam, dark clay loam
    Lower Hunter: friable loam, red friable duplex soils
Growing Season Rainfall (Oct-Apr): 
    Upper Hunter Valley GI: 400 mm (16 inches)
    Lower Hunter: 530 mm (21 inches)
Major Natural Features: 
    Hunter and Goulburn Rivers
Key Producers: Tyrrell's, Brokenwood, Yarraman Estate, McWilliam's Mount Pleasant, Keith Tulloch Wine, Wyndham Estate, Rosemount Estate
First Commercial Plantings: 1830 (James Busby's "Kirkton" estate)
GI Established: 1997
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16
Q

What are the sub-regions of Hunter GI

A

Upper Hunter Valley GI (est. 2010)
Pokolbin GI (within Lower Hunter, between Singleton and Cessnock, est. 2010)
Broke Fordwich GI (within Lower Hunter, west of Pokolbin, est. 1997)

Unofficial Subregions: Allandale, Belford, Dalwood, Rothbury (all located in the Lower Hunter)

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17
Q

What are the GI’s of Central Ranges Zone

Central Ranges is in New South Wales

A

Cowra GI
Mudgee GI
Orange GI

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18
Q

What are the GI’s of Southern New South Wales

A

Canberra District GI
Gundagai GI
Hilltops GI
Tumbarumba GI

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19
Q

What are the un-oficial sub-regions of Gundagai GI

A

South-East (Tumut), North (Cootamundra), West (Junee)

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20
Q

What are the GI’s of South Coast Zone

South Coast is in New South Wales

A

Shoalhaven Coast GI

Southern Highlands GI

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21
Q

What are the GI’s of Big Rivers Zone

Big Rivers is in New South Wales

A

Murray Darling GI
Perricoota GI
Riverina GI
Swan Hill GI

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22
Q

What are the Zones of South Australia

A 
Far North
    The Peninsulas
    Mount Lofty Ranges
    Barossa
    Lower Murray
    Fleurieu
    Limestone Coast
    Adelaide Superzone (includes zones of Mount Lofty Ranges, Barossa and Fleurieu)
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23
Q

What is the GI of Far North

Far North is a Zone of South Australia

A

Southern Flinders Ranges GI

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24
Q

What are the GI’s of Mount Lofty Ranges

Mount LOfty Ranges is a Zone of South Australia

A

Clare Valley GI
Adelaide Hills GI
Adelaide Plains GI

25
Q

What are the un-official sub-regions of Clare Valley GI

A

Polish Hill, Watervale, Auburn, Sevenhill, Clare

26
Q

What are the sub-regions of Adelaide Hills GI

A

Lenswood GI

Piccadilly Valley GI

27
Q

What are the GI’s of Barossa

A

Barossa Valley GI

Eden Valley GI

28
Q

What are the un-official sub-regions of Barossa Valley GI

A 
Gomersal/Rosedale
Southern Barossa Valley (Lyndoch/Williamstown)
Rowland Flat District, 
Barossa Foothills (Vine Vale) 
Light Pass/Stockwell 
Northern Barossa Valley
Western Ridge (Greenock/Seppeltsfield)
Stonewell/Central Tanunda
29
Q

What is the sub-region of Eden Valley GI

A

High Eden GI

30
Q

What is the GI of Lower Murray

Lower Murray is a Zone of South Australia

A

Riverland GI

31
Q

What are the GI’s of Fleurieu

A 
McLaren Vale GI
Langhorne Creek GI
Currency Creek GI
Kangaroo Island GI
Southern Fleurieu GI
32
Q

What are the “terranes” of McLaren Vale

A

The Ancient Rocks (ancient bedrock)
Sand and Sandstone: This terrane includes the subtypes Maslin Sands, Pirramimma Sandstone, Ochre Cove Formation (red and yellow sandstone), and Semaphore Sand (beach sand)
Limestone Country
Clay Plains of Aldinga
The Piedmont (alluvial deposits)
Talus Slope (variable soils near the Willunga Fault)
Alluvial Flats

33
Q

What are the GI’s of the Limestone Coast

The Limestone Coast is a Zone of South Australia

A 
Coonawarra GI
Padthaway GI
Mount Benson GI
Robe GI
Wrattonbully GI
Mount Gambier GI
34
Q

What are the soil types of Coonawara

A

terra rossa, black rendzina soil and brown rendzina soil

35
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Tasmania

A

Northern Tasmania:
Pipers River
Tamar Valley
North West Coast

Southern Tasmania: 
      Derwent Valley
      Huon Valley 
      Coal River/Richmond
      The East Coast (Cranbrook/Bicheno area)
36
Q

What are the Zones of Victoria

A 
North West Victoria
    Western Victoria
    Central Victoria
    Port Phillip
    North East Victoria
    Gippsland
37
Q

What are the GI’s of North West Victoria

A

Murray Darling GI

Swan Hill GI

38
Q

What are the GI’s of Western Victoria

A

Grampians GI
Henty GI
Pyrenees GI

39
Q

What is the sub-region of Grampians GI

A

Great Western GI

40
Q

What are the GI’s of Central Victoria

A 
Bendigo GI
Goulburn Valley GI
Heathcote GI
Strathbogie Ranges GI
Upper Goulburn GI
41
Q

What is the sub-region of Goulburn Valley GI

A

Nagambie Lakes GI

42
Q

What are the GI’s of Port Phillip

Port Phillip is a Zone of Victoria

A 
Geelong GI
Macedon Ranges GI
Mornington Peninsula GI
Sunbury GI
Yarra Valley GI
43
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Geelong GI

A

The Bellarine, Moorabool Valley, Surf Coast/Otways

44
Q

What are the GI’s of North East Victoria

A 
Alpine Valleys GI
Beechworth GI
Glenrowan GI
King Valley GI
Rutherglen GI
45
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Alpine Valleys GI

A

Ovens Valley, Buffalo Valley, Buckland Valley, Kiewa Valley

46
Q

In Rutherglen GI, “black dog” refers to what type of soil

A

fine sandy loam

47
Q

What type of soil is preferred for fortified wines in Rutherglen GI

A

“Rutherglen” loam

48
Q

What are the Zones of Western Australia

A 
South West Australia
    Greater Perth
    Central Western Australia
    West Australian South East Coastal
    Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
49
Q

What are the GI’s of South West Australia

A 
Margaret River GI
Geographe GI
Blackwood Valley GI
Manjimup GI
Pemberton GI
Great Southern GI
50
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Margaret River GI

A 
Yallingup
Carbunup
Wilyabrup
Treeton
Wallcliffe
Karridale (proposed in 1999 by Dr. John Gladstones)
51
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Geographe GI

A

Ferguson Valley
Donnybrook
Capel-Busselton
Harvey

52
Q

What are the unofficial sub-regions of Blackwood Valley GI

A

Boyup Brook
Bridgetown
Nannup

53
Q

What are the sub-regions of the Great Southern GI

A 
Denmark GI
    Albany GI
    Porongurup GI
    Frankland River GI
    Mount Barker GI
54
Q

What are the GI’s of Greater Perth

Greater Perth is a Zone of Western Australia

A

Peel GI
Perth Hills GI
Swan District GI

55
Q

What is the sub-region of Swan District GI

A

Swan Valley GI

56
Q

What are the GI’s of Queensland

A

South Burnett GI

Granite Belt GI

57
Q

What is Australia’s foremost region for Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Coonawara GI

58
Q

What is “terra rossa”

A

“red soil.”

This thin, cigar-shaped band of friable clay loam, tinted vivid red by iron oxide, overlies soft limestone and is commonly considered the most suitable topsoil for Cabernet Sauvignon

59
Q

What is the most planted grape in Hunter Valley

Wine (36 decks)

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