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Copyright > Audio Fundamentals unit 3 > Flashcards

Audio Fundamentals unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can analog and digital conversion be done?

A

in the mic, in the mic pre, just before recording, almost anywhere in the signal chain

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2
Q

what does storing audio digitally do?

A

eliminates the unwanted distortions in sound

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3
Q

what is line level?

A

+4dB

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4
Q

an echo chamber creates…

A

natural sounding reverb

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5
Q

what describes the slope of a filter?

A

dB per octave

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6
Q

dBa takes into account….

A

human hearing

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7
Q

the problem with Vu is that is does not show what?

A

peak levels

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8
Q

A unit of resistance to current flow?

A

ohms

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9
Q

Resistance to current flow is called?

A

Impedance

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10
Q

level control. valuable registers to digital encoders. adjusts voltage.

A

fader

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11
Q

What measures voltage?

A

analog meter

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12
Q

result in a system noise levels of from -80 dB to -50 dB

A

microphone and preamplifier

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13
Q

set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet

A

internet protocol

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14
Q

nothing is lost in process but data reduction is limited 2:1

A

lossless compression

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15
Q

consumer line level?

A

-10dB

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16
Q

the top and the bottom of the wave form are cut off. this is called…

A

clipping

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17
Q

when the signal level tries to exceed the max level its called?

A

overload

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18
Q

breaking an audio file into a number of small segments then changes the length and timing elements of a segment by simply adding or subtracting time between these lines.

A

Beat slicing

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19
Q

very first cable? port used for transferring data

A

fire wire

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20
Q

connects that allow transmission of digital audio streams

A

digital I/O

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21
Q

used to play back stored, edited, and processed digital audio by converting it to analog signal and provides 2 or more inputs and outputs.

A

digital audio interface

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22
Q

type of data that describes sound in terms of type, pitch, and timing?

A

MIDI file

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23
Q

output low pass filter removes high frequency images and noise and smooths out staircase output coming from sample and hold circut

A

anti-imaging filter

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24
Q

error in timing of sampling is called?

A

jitter

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25
making and "educated" guess at the value of missing data for large errors?
interpolation
26
small errors are fixed through parity bits and redundant data
error correction
27
low level noise added to audio to increase dynamic range
dither
28
rounding error that manifests itself as noise like distortion, granulation, and loss of dynamic range?
quantizing error
29
time is "captured" by taking snapshots of the wave at a known fixed time interval
sampling
30
Nyquist frequency?
1/2 of sampling frequency is the highest audio frequency that can be digitized and produced accurately
31
pro calibration
0Vu = 1.23 volts at +4dB
32
doubling or perceived loudness
increase of 10 dB
33
decibel reference for consumer equipment
dBv
34
two main cues used by ear/brain to calculate the location of a sound?
IAD and ITD
35
this audio meter displays instantaneous levels and is found in most daws
peak
36
analog recording differs from digital bc analog is...
continuous
37
increasing the bit depth in a PCM digital system increases the...
dynamic range
38
time delay caused by A-D and D-A conversion or signal processing is called?
latency
39
saying a plugin is "native" means..
processing is handled by the DAW
40
assigning digital value to analogs signal is called?
quantizing
41
most popular lossy data compression?
MP3
42
the number of bits per second or bit rate can be found by?
multiplying bit depth by sampling frequency per channel of audio
43
@ a sampling rate of 96 kHz, what is the highest audio frequency the recording can process and effectively reproduce?
48 khz
44
in digital audio workstations, a "plug in" is...
a software processor or virtual instrument add on
45
standard cd frequency
44.1 khz
46
very high sampling frequencies improve audio by..
allowing better and cheaper anti- aliasing filters
47
equivalent to 0011110?
30
48
binary decimal equivalent to 150?
10010110
49
rate at which fixed intervals sample of signal is called?
sampling frequency
50
DSP stands for?
digital signal processing
51
when data that isn't critical is discarded during compression?
lossy compression
52
dB gain going from 500 watts to 1000 watts?
3dB
53
The dBV system is used in?
consumer and A/V equipment
54
if a microphones preamplifier raises the microphones audio level by 60 dB it will also raise what by 60 dB?
noise level
55
AoIP stands for?
audio over internet protocol
56
the unit dBFS is a measurement associated with?
digital audio
57
if the number of volts increases by 6dB then the number of watts will increase by?
6 dB
58
The anti- aliasing filter in an A/D converter removes?
frequencies above 1/2 of the sampling frequency
59
Nyquist law states that the minimum sample rate must be at least?
at least twice as high as frequency audio frequency to be digitized
60
the number of dBs between line level and distortion is called?
head room
61
which of the following represents a doubling o the voltage in a system?
+6dBu
62
The most common professional 2 channel digital protocol is?
AES/EBU
63
which of the following audio file formats is not a lossy codec?
WAV
64
dBm is a measurement of?
power
65
dBu is a measurement of?
volts
66
positioning a mixing console fader to "0" will best result in?
no audio passing through
67
the number of dB between line level and noise is called?
signal to noise ratio
68
a ratio of 2 watts to 1 watt would be?
3dB
69
in PCM systems the signal to noise ratio is improved by now many dB per bit?
6dB
70
when discussing dynamic range, what reference level is mostly used?
o dB SPL

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