aubf 3 Flashcards
may appear in the urine late in normal pregnancy or
during lactation;
lactose
lactose tested using
Rubner’s test
may appear in the urine in association with inherited
enzyme deficiencies
fructose
fructose tested by
seliwanoff test
-found in urine in genetic disorders of galactose
metabolism associated with a deficiency of galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transferase or galactokinase
galactose
may follow the ingestion of large amounts of fruit,
certain drug therapies and with benign essential pentosuria
pentose
may appear in the urine after ingestion of very large
amounts of sucrose
sucrose
Presence in urine results from increased fat metabolism due to
abnormal carbohydrates utilization
ketones
The term “ketones” represents
three intermediate products of fat metabolism, namely:
Beta-hydroxybutyric acid = 78%
Acetoacetic Acid = 20%
Acetone= 2%
ketones PRINCIPLE & REAGENT:
Sodium nitroprusside
ketones chemstrip color
beige to violet/purple color
ketones multistix color
pink-maroon color
blood principle
pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
reagent of blood
tetramethyl benzidine
blood pad color change
negative yellow to green
or positive yellow blue green
In contrast, intact red blood cells are lysed
(hematuria) when they come in contact with the
pad, and the liberated hemoglobin produces an
isolated reaction that results in a ___ on the pad
speckled
pattern
presence of blood in the urine
either in the form of intact red
blood cells.
hematuria
produces a cloudy red urine
hematuria
presence of hemoglobin in urine
as a product of red blood cell destruction
hemoglobinuria
*appears as a clear red specimen
hemoglobinuria
characterized by cola drink or black coffee
myoglobinuria
ammonium sulfate precipitation test
blondheims test
hemoglobinuria Color of plasma:
RED/PINK
myoglobinuria color of plasma
pale yellow
associated with intravascular hemolysis
HEMOGLGOBINURIA
associated with muscle damage
myoglobinuria
heme containing protein found in muscle tissue
myoglobin
produces clear red brown urine
myoglobin
yellow pigmented degradation product of
hemoglobin Under normal conditions, the
life span of red blood cells is approximately
120 days, at which time they are destroyed in
the spleen and liver by the phagocytic cells
of the reticuloendothelial system.
bilirubin
The liberated hemoglobin is broken down
into its component parts:
iron, protein, and
protoporphyrin.
principle and reagent of bilirubin
diazo reaction
positive result of bilirubin
blue to purple color
neg result of bilirubin
color other than blue or purple
urine bilirubin confirmatory test
ictotest
Highly pigmentedurine
Phenazopyridine
Indican Metabolites of iodine
FALSE POSITIVE
Specimen exposureto light
Ascorbic Acid >25 mg/dL
High concentration of nitrite
FALSE NEGATIVE
is reabsorbed from
the intestine into the blood, circulates to the liver, and is
excreted back into the intestine through the bile duct.
urobilinogen
circulates in the blood back to the liver, it passes
through the kidney and is filtered by the glomerulus.
urobilinogen
principle of urobilinogen
eruch reaction
A colorless pigment formed
from the breakdown of bilirubin in the intestines
urobilinogen
Not specific, may also be employed for testing
indicans, sulfonamides, p-aminosalicylicacid,
phorphobilinogen
ERLICH’S TUBE TEST
ERLICH’S TUBE TEST color
cherry red color
Rapid screening test for urine phorphobilinogen
HOESCH TEST (Inverse Ehrlich)
a screening test for diagnosing intermittent porphyri
SCHWARTZ-WATSON DIFFERENTIATION TEST
Classic test to differentiate Urobilinogen from
Phorphobilinogen
SCHWARTZ-WATSON DIFFERENTIATION TEST
