AUBF 1 (2ND PPT) Flashcards
The third part of routine urinalysis, after
physical and chemical examination, is the
microscopic examination of the urinary
sediment
recommends that
microscopic examination be performed
when requested by a physician, when a
laboratory specified patient population is
being tested, or when any abnormal
physical or chemical result is obtaine
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute (CLSI)
Specimens should be examined while
fresh or
adequately preserved.
A standard amount of urine, usually between
10 and 15 mL (12 ml average),
Centrifugation for___
produces an optimum amount of
sediment with the least chance of
damaging the elements
5 minutes at a
relative centrifugal force (RCF) of 400
Calibration of centrifuge is done
_____________________________
using
3 months using tachometer
Centrifuge disinfection:
once a week
VOLUME AFTER DECANTATION:
: 0.5-1.0
mL
VOLUME OF SEDIMENT EXAMINED:
20
uL (0.02 mL) covered by a 22 × 22 mm
glass cover slip
Microscopic examination should be
performed in a consistent manner
and include observation of a
minimum of ___10 fields under both low
(10×) and high (40×) power.
10 fields
The slide
is first examined under low power to
detect
casts
Specimen volume
10-15 mL centrifuged
12mL: dipsticks easily
immersed
Centrifugation
5 minutes
400 RCF
Sediment Preparation
0.5 to 1.0 mL:
frequently used.
- Sediment must be
resuspended by gentle
agitation.
- Vigorous agitation
should be avoided.
increases the overall visibility of sediment
elements being examined using bright-field microscopy by
changing their refractive index.
staining
The most frequently used stain in urinalysis is the
Sternheimer-Malbin stain, which consists of crystal violet
and safranin O.
a metachromatic stain,
provides enhancement of nuclear detail. It can be useful in
the differentiation between WBCs and renal tubular
epithelial cells and is also used in the examination of cells
from other body fluids.
0.5% solution of toluidine blue,
The lipid stains, __ and
polarizing microscopy can be used to confirm the
presence of these elements.
Oil Red O and Sudan III,
Triglycerides and neutral
fats stain
orange red
GRAM STAIN
stain is used primarily in the microbiology section for
the differentiation between gram-positive___and
gram-negative___bacteria
(blue)
(red)
The preferred stain for urinary eosinophils in cases of a
drug-induced allergic reaction producing inflammation of
the renal interstitium.
consisting of methylene blue and eosin Y
HANSEL STAINS
to confirm that these granules are hemosiderin during
after episodes of hemoglobinuria,
PRUSSIAN BLUE STAIN
stain that enhances nuclear detail
toluidine blue
stains trig and neutral fats
oil red o
sudan III
diff gram + and gram -
gram stain
stains structure containing iron
prussian blue stain
identifies yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and cast
prussian blue stain
used for routine urinalysis
bright field microscopy
enhances visualization of elements with low reflactive index such as hyaline cast, mucus threads, trichomonas
phase contrast microscopy
aids in identification of chol in oval fat bodies
polarizing microscopy
aids of treponema pallidum
dark field microscopy
visuallization of naturally fluorescent microorganism
fluorescence microscopy
produce 3 dimensional images and layer by layer imaging of specimen
interference contrast
adjusted horizontally to adapt to differences in
interpupillary distance between operators for optimal
viewing conditions
ocular
-cam be rotated to
compensate for variations in vision between the operator’s
eyes
DIOPTER ADJUSTMENT KNOB
perform the initial magnification
OBJECTIVES
regulates the intensity of light
rheostat
focuses the light on the specimen
condenser
controls the amount of light and
the angle of light that will pass through the specimen and
lens
APETURE DIAPHRAGM
