AUBF 2 (2ND PPT) Flashcards
RED BLOOD CELLS
NORMAL VALUE
0-2/HPF
appear as smooth, non-nucleated, biconcave disks
measuring approximately 7 mm in diameter
must be identified using high-power (40×) objective
RED BLOOD CELLS
These large empty cells
are called ____and can be easily
missed if specimens are not examined under reduced
light.
ghost cells (shadow cells)
RBCs are frequently confused with
yeast cells, oil
droplets, and air bubbles
RBCs that vary in size, have cellular protrusions,
or are fragmented
Associated with renal bleeding primarily with
glomerular bleeding
DYSMORPHIC RBCS (Mickey Mouse cells)
RBCs appears acanthocytic with multiple
protrusions and hypochromic
also have been demonstrated after strenuous
exercise, indicating a glomerular origin of this
phenomenon
DYSMORPHIC RBCS (Mickey Mouse cells)
When macroscopic hematuria is present, the urine appears
cloudy with a red to brown color
is frequently associated with advanced
glomerular damage but is also seen with damage to the vascular
integrity of the urinary tract caused by trauma, acute infection or
inflammation, and coagulation disorder.
Macroscopic hematuria
size of wbc and rbc
12 mm
7mm in diameter
The predominant WBC found in the urine sediment is the
neutrophil
WBCs in hypotonic urine= ___ (pale blue leukocytes
that absorbed water and swell and produce “sparkling
appearance in their cytoplasm and exhibit brownian
movement”.
glitter cells
normal value of wbc
0-5 or 0-8 hPf
primarily associated with drug-induced
interstitial nephritis.
EOSINOPHILS
may be seen with urinary tract infection
(UTI) and renal transplant rejection
eosinophil
preferred eosinophil stain is __
however, __can also be used.
Hansel
Wright’s stain
increase in urinary WBCs (infections/inflamations)
Found in bacterial infections including pyelonephritis,
cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis
also present in nonbacterial
pyuria
they represent normal sloughing of old cells
epithelial cells
Three types of epithelial cells are seen in
urine:
squamous, transitional (urothelial), and
renal tubular.
largest cells found in the urine sediment
originate from the linings of the vagina and
female urethra and the lower portion of the
male urethra.
.SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS
variation of the squamous epithelial cell that is
studded/covered with bacteria (Gardnerella
coccobacillus)
indicative of vaginal infection by the bacterium
Gardnerella vaginalis
clue cells
smaller than squamous cells and appear in several
forms, including spherical, polyhedral, and caudate
TRANSITIONAL (UROTHELIAL) EPITHELIAL CELLS
Originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, calyces,
ureters, and bladder, and from the upper portion of the
male urethra
TRANSITIONAL (UROTHELIAL) EPITHELIAL CELLS
vary in size and shape depending on the area of the
renal tubules from which they originate
tend to have a rectangular shape and are referred
to as columnar or convoluted cells
. RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS
the most clinical significant of the epithelial cells
presence of increased amounts is indicative of
necrosis of the renal tubules, with the possibility of
affecting overall renal function.
RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS
Presence of more than two RTE cells per high
power field indicates __
tubular injury
lipid-containing RTE cells (RTE cells absorb lipids that are
present in the glomerular filtrate and appear highly refractile)
oval fat bodies
often found in patients with nephrotic syndrome
oval fat bodies
RTE cells containing large, nonlipidfilled vacuoles
bubble cells
Seen in cases of acute tubular necrosis
bubble cells
may be present in the form of cocci
(spherical) or bacilli (rods).
bacteria
The bacteria most frequently associated with
UTI are the ___
Enterobacteriaceae
appear in the urine as small, refractile oval
structures that may or may not contain a bud
yeast
most frequent parasite encountered in the
urine is
Trichomonas vaginalis
(the most common ova contaminant in urine)
Enterobius vermicularis
not reported in routine urinalysis
Can be found in the urine after a sexual
intercourse, masturbation, or nocturnal
emission
spermatozoa
a protein material produced by the glands and
epithelial cells of the lower genitourinary tract and the
RTE cell
mucus
major constituent
of mucus
Tamm Horsfall Protein/uromodulin
