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AUBF > AUBF 1 > Flashcards

AUBF 1 Flashcards

1
Q

currently provide a simple, rapid
means for performing medically significant
chemical analysis of urine

A

reagent strips

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2
Q

parts of reagent strips

A

chemically impregnated absorbent pads
plastic strips

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3
Q

pads+urine=

A

color reaction

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4
Q

illustrate parameters

A

glucose
ketones
specific gravity
ph
protein
urobilinogen
leukocyte
nitrite
blood
bilirubin

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5
Q

additional parameters

A

microalbumin - for renal disease
creatinine - for muscle waste
ascorbic acid- vitamins

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6
Q

major interference of ascorbic acid

A

B- bilirubin
B- blood
L- leukocyte
N- nitrite
G- glucose

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7
Q

longest time of reading

A

leukocyte-120s

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8
Q

Consists of chemical-impregnated absorbent
pads attached to a plastic strip. A color-producing
chemical reaction occurs when the absorbent pad
comes in contact with urine.

A

reagent strip

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9
Q

Two major types of reagent strips are
manufactured under the trade names

A

multistix
chemstrip

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10
Q

the enzymatic reactions
on the strips are

A

temperature dependent

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11
Q

possible inaccurate results

A

1.Interfering substances
2.Technical carelessness
3.Color blindness

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12
Q

Reagent strips must be protected from ____ caused
by moisture, volatile chemicals, heat, and light.

A

deterioration

moisture, volatile chemicals, heat, and light.

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13
Q

Reagent strips are packaged in ___ to protect them from ___

A

opaque containers with a
desiccant

light and moisture.

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14
Q

Bottles should not be opened in the presence of

A

volatile fumes

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15
Q

Manufacturers recommend that reagent strips be stored at

A

room temperature below 30°C (but never refrigerated).

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16
Q

Reagent strips must be checked with both ___ a minimum of ___

A

positive and
negative controls

once every 24 hours.

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17
Q

not
recommended as a negative control

A

distilled water

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18
Q

why distilled water is not recommended as negative control

A

because reagent strip chemical reaction designed to perform at ionic concentration similar urine

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19
Q

Test using different reagents or methodologies to
detect the same substances as detected by the
reagent strips with the same or greater sensitivity
or specificity.

A

confirmatory testing

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20
Q

Parameter with longest reading time:

A

leukocyte esterase

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21
Q

11th pad in the urine reagent strip detects: _

A

ascorbic acid

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22
Q

Parameters affected by the presence of Ascorbic Acid:

A

BBLNG

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23
Q

principle of ph

A

double indicator system

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24
Q

For precipitation and identification of crystals

A

ph

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25
Q

Assessment of acid base disorders

A

ph

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26
Q

Assessment of defects in tubular specimens

A

ph

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27
Q

Determination of unsatisfactory specimens

A

ph

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28
Q

NORMAL VALUE: ph

RANDOM SAMPLES:

A

4.5 - 8.0

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29
Q

normal value: ph
FIRST MORNING:

A

5.0 - 6.0

30
Q

acid urine

A

diabetes mellitus
high protein and high meat diet
starvation
diarrhea
acid producing bacteria
emphysema
cranberry juice
medication

31
Q

alkaline urine

A

Hyperventilation
Renal tubular disorders
Renal tubular disorders
Vegetarian Diet
Old specimens
Vomiting
Urease-producing bacteria
After meals (alkaline tide)

32
Q

ph Manufacturers use a double-indicator
system of

A

methyl red and bromthymol
blue

33
Q

methyl red color and ph

A

red to yellow
4-6

34
Q

bromthymol blue color change and ph

A

yellow to blue
ph 6-9

35
Q

ph range 5-9 color change

A

ph 5 - orange to yellow
ph9- green to final deep blue

36
Q

ph reagent strips sensitivity of multistix and chemstrip

A

multistix: 5.0 to 8.5 in 0.5 increments
chemstrip: 5.0 to 9.0 in 1.0 increments

37
Q

principle of protein

A

protein error of indicator

38
Q

reagent of protein

A

tetrabromphenol blue

39
Q

Reagent strip for protein is more sensitive to

A

albumin

40
Q

major protein found in urine)

A

albumin

41
Q

mucoprotein produced by the renal tubules and forms

A

tamm horsfall protein and uromodulin

42
Q

MATRIX of ALL TYPES OF CASTS

A

Serum and tubular microglobulins
Proteins from prostatic, seminal and vaginal secretions

43
Q

most common indication of renal disease.

A

proteinuria

44
Q

sink to the bottom of the specimen and will be
undetected in an unmixed specimen.

A

red and white blood cells

45
Q

normal values of proteinuria

A

150mg/24 hours (henry)
<10mg/dl or 100mg/24 hr (strasinger)

46
Q

minimal proteinuria

A

<1.0g/day or <10mg/day

47
Q

MODERATE PROTEINURIA=

A

1.0-4.0g/day (10-40 mg/day)

48
Q

HEAVY PROTEINURIA=

A

= >4.0 g/day (>40 mg/day)

49
Q

found in patients with MM;
a monoclonal light chain that precipitates at 40-60C
and dissolve at 100C.

A

bence jones protein

50
Q

bence jones protein precipitates at ___ and dissolves at __

A

40-60C
100 C

51
Q

presence of increased
proteins in the urine

A

clinical proteinuria

52
Q

clinical proteinuria value

A

> 30 mg/dL(300 mg/L)

53
Q

-caused by conditions affecting the
plasma prior to its reaching the kidney and,
therefore, is not indicative of actual renal disease

A

pre renal

54
Q


caused by increased levels of low-molecularweight plasma proteins such as hemoglobin
(intravascular hemolysis), myoglobin(muscle
injury, and acute phase reactants (infection and
inflammation)

A

pre renal

55
Q

-associated with true renal disease
may be the result of either glomerular or tubular damage

A

RENAL PROTEINURIA-

56
Q

Glomerular Proteinuria

A
  1. impaired selective filtration
  2. increased amount of serum protein
  3. RBC/WBC pass through the membrane
57
Q

postural proteinuria w/c occurs in
3%- 5% of apparently healthy young adults

A

ORTHOSTATIC PROTEINURIA

58
Q

usually transient and can be produced by
conditions such as strenuous exercise, high fever, dehydration,
and exposure to cold.

A

Benign proteinuria

59
Q

fanconi syndrome, toxic
agents/heavy metals, pyelonephritis, acute
tubular necrosis, polycystic kidney disease,
phenacetin damage

A

TUBULAR PROTEINURIA

60
Q

proteinuria not detected by
the routine reagent strip

A

MICROALBUMINURIA-

61
Q

signifies onset of renal complications of DM

A


MICROALBUMINURIA-

62
Q

METHODS for detecting Microalbuminuria

A

Quantitative procedures
MICRAL TEST
IMMUNODIP
ALBUMIN:CREATININE RATIO

63
Q

for albumin using 24 hour
specimen

A

Quantitative procedures

64
Q

strip employing antibody-enzyme
conjugate for human albumin

A

micral test

65
Q

PRINCIPLE: Immunochromatographics

A

IMMUNODIP

66
Q

PRINCIPLE: Sensitive albumin tests related to
creatinine concentration to correct for patient
hydration

A

ALBUMIN:CREATININE RATIO

67
Q

SENSITIVITY: Albumin:
Creatinine:

A

10-50 mg/L
10-300 mg/dL

68
Q

SIGNIFICANT if ALBUMIN:CREATININE is

A

> 3.4 mg/mmol

69
Q

lower UTI (ureters, bladders, uethra, prostate and

vagina

Menstrual contamination
Vaginal secretions or prostatic sperms
these indicates?

A

post renal

70
Q
A

AUBF (8 decks)

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