Attitudes To Crime And Punishments Flashcards
What were the main purposes of punishment in the Middle Ages?
Deterrence, retribution, and to keep order.
Punishments were often public and harsh to demonstrate justice.
What public punishments were common during the Early Modern Era?
Whipping vagabonds, branding, stocks, pillory, and public executions like hanging.
Prisons were primarily for temporarily holding offenders or debtors.
What change in attitude towards punishment occurred with the Elizabethan Poor Laws?
The government set up Houses of Correction.
This marked a shift towards addressing the issues of poverty and crime.
What was the major change in punishment during the Industrial Era?
Introduction of transportation as a punishment and banishing criminals.
This served as an alternative to the death penalty.
What was the effect of the Bloody Code being abolished?
Only 5 crimes remained punishable by death, leading to more use of prisons.
This change reflected a shift in attitudes toward reform and punishment.
What did the Gaols Act of 1823 aim to improve?
Security and sanitation in prisons.
It marked a step towards better treatment of prisoners.
What were the separate and silent systems introduced in prisons focused on?
Punishment and reform.
These methods ultimately proved ineffective.
What did the Penal Servitude Act of 1865 mandate for prisoners?
Hard labour, hard fare, and hard board.
This included rigorous work and basic sustenance.
When was public execution banned?
1868.
This reflected changing attitudes towards the death penalty.
What was the debate in the 20th century regarding crime and punishment?
Retribution vs. rehabilitation.
This debate influenced policies surrounding criminal justice.
What were the changes introduced for young offenders in the 1850s?
Reform schools for ages 10-15.
Aimed at providing education and discipline.
What was the purpose of Borstals introduced in 1908?
Focused on discipline and authority for young offenders.
This aimed to correct youth behavior.
What was the outcome of the Youth Detention Centres established in 1982?
Increased youth re-offending rates to 75%.
The strict discipline measures were ineffective.
What new types of punishments emerged in the 21st century?
ASBOs and e-tagging.
These aimed to balance punishment with reform for young offenders.
When was flogging of prisoners ended?
1948.
This was part of a broader movement against corporal punishment.
When was capital punishment abolished?
1969.
High-profile cases like Derek Bentley, Ruth Ellis, and Timothy Evans influenced this decision.
What does rehabilitation in the context of punishment refer to?
Education, training, treatment for addiction, and counseling to reintegrate criminals into society.
The goal is to prevent recidivism.
What is restitution in the context of crime?
Doing something for the victim or community to repay for the crime committed.
This can include meeting victims or repairing damage.
Fill in the blank: Crowds come along to see us / Glad that they’ll never be us / They watch us as we dangle / Cheer as we choke and _______.
strangle!
