Attitudes and Attribution Across Culutre

Question 1

When are errors in attribution more likely to happen

Answer 1

When interacting with someone not from your own culture

Question 2

What is attribution

Answer 2

The way we explain events, or behvaiors

Question 3

What are the 4 ways we make attribution

Answer 3

1) Ability
2) Task difficulty
3) Effort
4) Luck

Question 4

Explain how we make attribution though ABILITY, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable

Answer 4

I do well in a course because I am smart

Something internal (can control), stable (does not shift)

Question 5

Explain how we make attribution though TASK DIFFICULTY, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable

Answer 5

I did not do well on midterm bc it was a difficult midterm

External (can’t control), not stable (shifts)

Question 6

Explain how we make attribution though EFFORT, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable

Answer 6

I did not do well because I didn’t put enough effort

Internal (can control), stable (does not shift)

Question 7

Explain how we make attribution though LUCK, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable

Answer 7

I did bad bc i got questions on the chapter I didn’t study
External (can’t’ control) unstable (shifts)

Question 8

What is isomorphic attribution

Answer 8

Having similar attribution that the speaker is making

Question 9

If a friend sent you flowers, how would you perceive this using isomorphic attribution

Answer 9

They mean it as a kind act
You perceive it as a kind act

ISOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTION

Question 10

If a samurai says they want to sleep with you, how would you perceive this NOT using isomorphic attribution

Answer 10

You may take it sexually
Samurai may mean as trust that they feel safe sleeping in the same room with you
NOT AN EXAMPLE OF ISOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTION

Question 11

In individualistic cultures what is the focus on in determining success and failure

Answer 11

People tend to focus on the individual as determining the cause of behavior

People attribute success to ability and failure to external factors

Question 12

In collectivist cultures what is the focus on in determining success and failure

Answer 12

People tend to give greater emphasis to external causes of individual behavior

People attribute success to help from others and failure to the lack of effort

Question 13

Is attribution in individualistic and collectivist cultures nature or nurture

Answer 13

More nurture - when people are young there is no difference in explaining internal attribution.

When you are raised in a culture, you learn to make more internal or external attributions

Question 14

What is the process of enculturation

Answer 14

Process of enculturation: because cultured in your own culture

Question 15

Is attribution just what you see.

Answer 15

No, attribution is shown through what you see and what you forget, example in Masuda and Nisett fish study

Question 15

What is a bicultural identity

Answer 15

The identity of people born in one culture and raised in another

Question 16

How does priming someone with a bicultural identity change their attributions

Answer 16

Those with bicultural identity made more situational attribution when collectivist (ex Chinese) images were presented and less situational attribution when individualistic (ex. American) images were given

Question 17

What is the self serving attribution

Answer 17

The tendency of explaining one’s success to internal disposition factors and ones failures to external situational factors

Question 18

What are the 2 functions of the self-serving attribution

Answer 18

1) To defend your own actions
2) To overestimate your contribution and underestimate others

Question 19

Explain the first function of the self serving attribution: To defend your own actions

Answer 19

Using the self-serving attribution we determine our action is rational and defensible and others actions are unreasonable and unjustified.

Question 20

Explain the second function of the self serving attribution: To overestimate your contribution and underestimate others

Answer 20

People often think they are doing more and the partner is not doing enough in a group project

Tend not to remember the contributions others make

Question 21

What is the self-effacement/ modesty bias

Answer 21

Tendency to make internal attribution for failure and external attribution for success

Question 22

What type of culture if self-serving attributions most popular in

Answer 22

Individualistic Cultures

Question 23

What culture is the self-effacement attribution most common in

Answer 23

Collectivist cultures

Question 24

What are the 2 functions of self-effacement in collectivist societies

Answer 24

1. This bias is important for social relations
2. This person is more accepted by others (when they truly believe others work harder)

Question 25

What are the 3 types of concerns:

Answer 25

1) egoistic
2) altruistic
3) bispheric

Question 26

What are egoistic concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment

Answer 26

Egoistic: focuses on self

Environment is important because I care about air and water I breathe and drink

Question 27

What are altruistic concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment

Answer 27

Altruistic: focuses on self and others

Environment is important, not just for me but for my children and their children

Question 28

What are bispheric concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment

Answer 28

Bispheric: focuses on self, others, and environment itself

Other animals are living so it is important to look after then too

Question 29

What type of concerns do individualistics focus on

Answer 29

Americans (individualistic) tend to focus on egoistic concerns

Question 30

What type of concerns do collectivist focus on

Answer 30

Collectivistic culture tend to focus on altruistic and biospheric concerns

Question 31

What are the 7 sexual ideas where the attitudes vary among cultures

Answer 31

1) Kissing
2) Oral contact between female breasts
3) Sexual positions
4) Masturbation
5) Homosexuality
6) Virginity
7) Beastiality