Attitudes and Attribution Across Culutre Flashcards
When are errors in attribution more likely to happen
When interacting with someone not from your own culture
What is attribution
The way we explain events, or behvaiors
What are the 4 ways we make attribution
1) Ability
2) Task difficulty
3) Effort
4) Luck
Explain how we make attribution though ABILITY, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable
I do well in a course because I am smart
Something internal (can control), stable (does not shift)
Explain how we make attribution though TASK DIFFICULTY, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable
I did not do well on midterm bc it was a difficult midterm
External (can’t control), not stable (shifts)
Explain how we make attribution though EFFORT, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable
I did not do well because I didn’t put enough effort
Internal (can control), stable (does not shift)
Explain how we make attribution though LUCK, is this internal/external and stable/non-stable
I did bad bc i got questions on the chapter I didn’t study
External (can’t’ control) unstable (shifts)
What is isomorphic attribution
Having similar attribution that the speaker is making
If a friend sent you flowers, how would you perceive this using isomorphic attribution
They mean it as a kind act
You perceive it as a kind act
ISOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTION
If a samurai says they want to sleep with you, how would you perceive this NOT using isomorphic attribution
You may take it sexually
Samurai may mean as trust that they feel safe sleeping in the same room with you
NOT AN EXAMPLE OF ISOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTION
In individualistic cultures what is the focus on in determining success and failure
People tend to focus on the individual as determining the cause of behavior
People attribute success to ability and failure to external factors
In collectivist cultures what is the focus on in determining success and failure
People tend to give greater emphasis to external causes of individual behavior
People attribute success to help from others and failure to the lack of effort
Is attribution in individualistic and collectivist cultures nature or nurture
More nurture - when people are young there is no difference in explaining internal attribution.
When you are raised in a culture, you learn to make more internal or external attributions
What is the process of enculturation
Process of enculturation: because cultured in your own culture
Is attribution just what you see.
No, attribution is shown through what you see and what you forget, example in Masuda and Nisett fish study
What is a bicultural identity
The identity of people born in one culture and raised in another
How does priming someone with a bicultural identity change their attributions
Those with bicultural identity made more situational attribution when collectivist (ex Chinese) images were presented and less situational attribution when individualistic (ex. American) images were given
What is the self serving attribution
The tendency of explaining one’s success to internal disposition factors and ones failures to external situational factors
What are the 2 functions of the self-serving attribution
1) To defend your own actions
2) To overestimate your contribution and underestimate others
Explain the first function of the self serving attribution: To defend your own actions
Using the self-serving attribution we determine our action is rational and defensible and others actions are unreasonable and unjustified.
Explain the second function of the self serving attribution: To overestimate your contribution and underestimate others
People often think they are doing more and the partner is not doing enough in a group project
Tend not to remember the contributions others make
What is the self-effacement/ modesty bias
Tendency to make internal attribution for failure and external attribution for success
What type of culture if self-serving attributions most popular in
Individualistic Cultures
What culture is the self-effacement attribution most common in
Collectivist cultures
What are the 2 functions of self-effacement in collectivist societies
- This bias is important for social relations
- This person is more accepted by others (when they truly believe others work harder)
What are the 3 types of concerns:
1) egoistic
2) altruistic
3) bispheric
What are egoistic concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment
Egoistic: focuses on self
Environment is important because I care about air and water I breathe and drink
What are altruistic concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment
Altruistic: focuses on self and others
Environment is important, not just for me but for my children and their children
What are bispheric concerns? Give an example in relation to the environment
Bispheric: focuses on self, others, and environment itself
Other animals are living so it is important to look after then too
What type of concerns do individualistics focus on
Americans (individualistic) tend to focus on egoistic concerns
What type of concerns do collectivist focus on
Collectivistic culture tend to focus on altruistic and biospheric concerns
What are the 7 sexual ideas where the attitudes vary among cultures
1) Kissing
2) Oral contact between female breasts
3) Sexual positions
4) Masturbation
5) Homosexuality
6) Virginity
7) Beastiality
