Attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of attitudes

A

Attitudes are evaluations of ourselves, of other people, and issues with some degree of flavor and disfavor

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2
Q

Are we born with attitudes?

A

Not born with evaluations, learn how to evaluate something. Learn in social, political, cultural context

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3
Q

What is your attitude toward yourself called

A

Attitude toward yourself = self esteem

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4
Q

Explain the three bases: affect

A

Affect; emotions, or feelings stimulated by the object of an attitude, gut feeling, not rational, not governed by logic

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4
Q

What are the 3 bases of attidues

A

A: affect
B: behavioural intention
C: cognition

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5
Q

Explain the 3 bases: behavioural intention

A

B: behavioral intention; predisposition to act in a certain way, self-perception. Intention not action

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6
Q

Explain the 3 bases: cognition

A

Cognition: beliefs or ideas people have about the object of an attitude, weighing the pluses and minuses for making a logical decision. Thinking of the concept

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7
Q

What is the tri-component theory

A

The A,B,C components of an attitude are a single entity. Fall into 1 concept with 3 dimensions. All factors are interrelated

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8
Q

What is the separate entities view of attitudes theory

A

A, B, C are each separate entities which may or may not be intercorrelated

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9
Q

When is affect usually used in determining attitude

A

Used when evokes emotion (used when feelings are attached)
- Spider, lion, partner, exotic foods, music, jewelry

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10
Q

When is cognitive usually used in determining attitude

A

Characteristics used to describe utility based items (used when no feelings attached)
- Vacuum, kitchen mixer, oven

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11
Q

What are the 3 main determinants of attitude strength

A

1) Ambivalence
2) Accessibility
3) Subjective Experiences

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12
Q

Explain the main determinants of attitude strength and how they effect persuasion: ambivalence

A

Ambivalence: having mixed feelings about something

The more ambivalent attitudes are, the easier they are to be persuaded

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13
Q

Explain the main determinants of attitude strength and how they effect persuasion: accessibility

A

Accessibility: how easy it is for the attitude/evaluation of something to come to mind

The less accessible attitudes are, the easier they are to be persuaded

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14
Q

What are the 2 attitude dimensions

A

1) Explicit attitudes
2) Implicit attidues

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14
Q

Explain the main determinants of attitude strength and how they effect persuasion: subjective experiences

A

Subjective experiences: base attitude on own behavior

The more experience there is, the harder it is for an attitude to be persuaded

15
Q

Explain explicit attitudes

A

What you express

Ex. Expressing you are pro-migration

16
Q

Explain implicit attiudes

A

The subconiosius, biases

Ex. you may think you are an ally but if you see a same-sex couple being intimate you may feel discomfort. You are implicitly homophobic

17
Q

What are the issues with self reporting measures

A

Problems: wording of questions, ordering of items, reluctance of respondents to express some attitudes

17
Q

What are the 2 ways of measuring attidues:

A

1) Self reporting measures
2) Covert measures

18
Q

What are covert measures

A

Studying people’s behavior instead of what they exactly say

Implicit association test (IAT), measures implicit biases of attitudes people may not know they have

19
Q

What is the relationship between attitude and behaviour

A

Non constant, external dispositions can greatly influence peoples behaviours

20
Q

What is the correspondence principle?

A

Attitudes and behaviors have to be measured at the same level of specificity or generality

Specific question should measure specific behavior

General question should measure general behavior

20
Q

How do people reduce cognitive dissonance

A
  • Change one of the cognitive elements
  • Introducing a third element
  • Seeking others opinions and information
21
What is the cognitive dissonance theory
Inconsistency among attitudes leads to tension which motivations people in the direction of attitude change
22
Explain how "r" is used in correlation studies
If R = 1, there is 100% correlation If R= 0, there is no correlation