Attention Flashcards
attention
the mental process of concentrating effort on a location/stimulus or mental event
shadowing task
different sentences played in each ear and instructed to pay attention to only one then repeat the message out loud
Donald Broadbent proposed that _____
there is a filter limiting the information coming into your system
late selection model
all attention channels are processed for meaning, and selected information is what enters into consciousness
Daniel Kahneman
Capacity Theory-there is a curve in which the level of arousal influences the capacity of one’s attention
perceptual load
the difficulty of a task (how much attention resources are required)
a process is automatic if:
- occurs without intention
- you are unaware of it
- it does not interfere with other processes (no allocation required)
- unaffected by practice
a process is automatic if:
- occurs without intention
- you are unaware of it
- it does not interfere with other processes (no resources required)
- unaffected by practice
overt attention
location of attention known to outside observer
covert attention
location of attention unknown to outside observer
exogenous attention
stimulus-based (outside)
endogenous attention
goal-directed (internal)
Michael Posner
- focused on covert attention
- did a study on priming
location-based attention
moving attention from one place to another
object-based attention
attention being directed to one place on an object
attended objects are perceived as ____ than non-attended objects
richer, bigger, faster, etc.
binding
the process by which features such as colour, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object
Feature Integration Theory
- Preattentive stage: automatic, no effort or attention, object analyzed into features
- Focused attention stage: attention plays key role, features are combined to create perception
illusory conjunctions occur because features are _____
free-floating
Balint’s syndrome
- inability to focus attention on individual objects
- high number of illusory conjunctions
- cannot do conjunction searches (more than 1 difference), but can do feature searches (1 difference)
selective attention
attending to one thing while ignoring others
distraction
one stimulus interfering with the processing of another stimulus
attentional capture
a rapid shifting of attention usually caused by a stimulus such as a loud noise, bright light, or sudden movement
dictionary unit
contains words, stored in memory, each of which has a threshold for being activated
stimulus salience
the physical properties of a stimulus
same-object advantage
the faster responding that occurs when enhancement spreads within an object
