Attention

Question 1

Early and late models of selective attention

Answer 1

Broadbent 58 - filter, flowchart, testable
treisman 64 - attenuation, low threshold of ‘fire’’name’ that you would attend to
Deutch and Deutch 63, -everything goes in and is processed
Norman 68 - everything goes in, attached to stores, Mackay 73 ‘Bank’
Neisse 76, we don’t do any of that, we never acquired it in the first place.

Question 2

What is the central executive involved in, in Baddeley and hitch 74 working memory model

Answer 2

Controls Attentional processes and prioritises

Question 3

What are the multiple resource models

Answer 3

Wickens 84,2008,there are multiple resources, performance suffers less if you draw on different resource pools at the same time, walking and talking. Perception >cognition>response. Critisisms- stages are too rigid.
Navon and Gopher 1979, amount and type of resources required, economic drive/limited resources.
Salvucci & Taatgen 2008, threaded cognition theory, can be used in parallel but only draw on one battery, driving /driver distraction, Stray & Johnson 2001, simulated driving task, could talk/listen and drive but not text whilst driving. Just et al. 2001, significant dual task interference with driving and listening and talking

Question 4

What is automaticity?

Answer 4

When a process is so familiar that it is done automatically without intention, conscious awareness and does not interfere with other mental activity.

Question 5

What are the 5 phenomena of attention

Answer 5

Action slips - absent mindedness
Attentional blink, 1/2 sec , letters too close, Raymond et al 92
Repetition blindness - the the
Inattentional blindness - gorillas in the midst Simon and Chablis 99
Change blindness - Simons , map directions, change person, 50% did not notice.

Question 6

What did galotti 19 say is the purpose of attention

Answer 6

Monitor interactions
Link to past
Plan future

Question 7

Define attention according to Revlin 13

Answer 7

When we are aware of the contents of our consciousness and react to it we say we are paying attention.

Question 8

What is instance theory

Answer 8

Logan 88, separate memory traces stored away each time a stimulus is encountered, ,adds to schemas, repetition leads to automaticity.

Question 9

What is attentional bias and how is it tested

Answer 9

Resources used up by scanning the environment, used for anxiety disorders.
Emotional stroop test
Dot probe task

Question 10

What is the psychological refractory period

Answer 10

PRP is you do one task and the second task will take longer.