attention Flashcards
what is attention?
attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect in the environment whilst ignoring others
what is dichotic listening?
there is an ignored input and an attended input
what do you notice when dichotic listening?
changes in loudness, pitch, gender of voice or own name
what dont you notice when dichotic listening?
changes in content or language
what is inattentional blindness?
the focus of attention causes some critical stimuli to be missed
what is change blindess?
the focus of attention causes a change in scene to be missed
what is the filter theory of attention?
all stimuli receive intial sensory processing then unattended channel filtered out early then content completely unavailable
what is the attenuator model?
adds a new filter that allows for initially unattended info to ain attention
what is the difference between top down and bottom up attention control?
top down is deliberate, bottom up is reflexive
what is contingent capture?
the unintentional shift of attention to a distractor that is salient to a task
what does bottom up target?
lateral intraparietal area in parietal cortex
what does top down target?
frontal cortex
what is value driven attentional capture?
stimuli associated with reward can be presented and remembered without further instruction
what does the value driven capture demonstrate?
the enduring effect of reward learning on attentional priority
does attention need fixation?
no, focus of gaze can be different to focus of attention and attention can be zoomed in
what are the stages of the feature integration theory?
- binding problem
- pre attentive stage
- focused attention phase
what is the binding problem?
how does the visual system bind together the different features of an object
what is the pre attentive phase?
individual features are extracted in parallel across the whole visual scene
what is the focused attention phase?
local features are combined to form whole object
what happens after focused attention phase?
info then used to make feature maps and master map of locations
what are the costs and benefits of multi tasking?
switch cost
preparation effect
predictable switching
numerous brain regions used
what are the costs of distraction?
- attention can be focused or captured
- unitentional attention capture might be beneficial or problematic
- is a case of problematic attention capture
what is the cost of visual tunnelling?
hazards often occur in the periphery
what can training help with?
alertness and vigilance which are the two intensity functions
was there benefit for the processes of selective and divided attention through training?
yes but not as much as alertness and vigilance
what do video games help with?
vigilance and peripheral stuff can be improved as gamers had better spatial attention capacity, larger useful field of view and smaller attentional blinks but not decision making
how do games help with attention?
involve task switching and pushing limits of attention
how does gaming effect the brain?
gamers generate less frontal-parietal network activation to do the same task as non gamers
