attention

Question 1

what is attention?

Answer 1

attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect in the environment whilst ignoring others

Question 2

what is dichotic listening?

Answer 2

there is an ignored input and an attended input

Question 3

what do you notice when dichotic listening?

Answer 3

changes in loudness, pitch, gender of voice or own name

Question 4

what dont you notice when dichotic listening?

Answer 4

changes in content or language

Question 5

what is inattentional blindness?

Answer 5

the focus of attention causes some critical stimuli to be missed

Question 6

what is change blindess?

Answer 6

the focus of attention causes a change in scene to be missed

Question 7

what is the filter theory of attention?

Answer 7

all stimuli receive intial sensory processing then unattended channel filtered out early then content completely unavailable

Question 8

what is the attenuator model?

Answer 8

adds a new filter that allows for initially unattended info to ain attention

Question 9

what is the difference between top down and bottom up attention control?

Answer 9

top down is deliberate, bottom up is reflexive

Question 10

what is contingent capture?

Answer 10

the unintentional shift of attention to a distractor that is salient to a task

Question 11

what does bottom up target?

Answer 11

lateral intraparietal area in parietal cortex

Question 12

what does top down target?

Answer 12

frontal cortex

Question 13

what is value driven attentional capture?

Answer 13

stimuli associated with reward can be presented and remembered without further instruction

Question 14

what does the value driven capture demonstrate?

Answer 14

the enduring effect of reward learning on attentional priority

Question 15

does attention need fixation?

Answer 15

no, focus of gaze can be different to focus of attention and attention can be zoomed in

Question 16

what are the stages of the feature integration theory?

Answer 16

• binding problem
• pre attentive stage
• focused attention phase

Question 17

what is the binding problem?

Answer 17

how does the visual system bind together the different features of an object

Question 18

what is the pre attentive phase?

Answer 18

individual features are extracted in parallel across the whole visual scene

Question 19

what is the focused attention phase?

Answer 19

local features are combined to form whole object

Question 20

what happens after focused attention phase?

Answer 20

info then used to make feature maps and master map of locations

Question 21

what are the costs and benefits of multi tasking?

Answer 21

switch cost
preparation effect
predictable switching
numerous brain regions used

Question 22

what are the costs of distraction?

Answer 22

• attention can be focused or captured
• unitentional attention capture might be beneficial or problematic
• is a case of problematic attention capture

Question 23

what is the cost of visual tunnelling?

Answer 23

hazards often occur in the periphery

Question 24

what can training help with?

Answer 24

alertness and vigilance which are the two intensity functions

Question 25

was there benefit for the processes of selective and divided attention through training?

Answer 25

yes but not as much as alertness and vigilance

Question 26

what do video games help with?

Answer 26

vigilance and peripheral stuff can be improved as gamers had better spatial attention capacity, larger useful field of view and smaller attentional blinks but not decision making

Question 27

how do games help with attention?

Answer 27

involve task switching and pushing limits of attention

Question 28

how does gaming effect the brain?

Answer 28

gamers generate less frontal-parietal network activation to do the same task as non gamers