ATP-PC Flashcards
ATP PC system
High power/low capacity
Peak power 0.1-3 seconds
Low capacity - resting levels of PC and ATP in the SR can give energy for 8-12 seconds during intense activity
2 pathways of ATP PC
Creative kinase
Myokinase rxn
Max speed in a sprint
cannot be maintained throughout the run
Phosphocreatine storage numbers compared to ATP
3-6 times more store than ATP
ATP 6mmol/kg muscle about 3g/kg
PC 18mmol/kg about 3.8 g/kg
Muscle fibre and PC storage
Fast twitch have more PC than slow twitch muscle fibres
Creatine storage
60-70stored as phosphocreatine, rest as creatine
Is PC a high capacity energy source?
No
The PC in an ind with 20kg active muscle is enough for
5-8 second sprint
1 min brisk walk
20-30 s marathon run
What is the lohmann reaction?
ADP + PC + H = ATP + creatine
Creatine kinase catalyzed breakdown of PC releasing energy needed to resynthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
Hydrogen is recycled from the hydrolysis of ATP so no decrease in pH
Reaction occurs in sarcoplasm, easily reversible
Myokinase / adenylate kinase reaction enhances 2
Power of ATP PC to 5 seconds
Capacity of ATP PC to 15 seconds
ADP+ADP = AMP+ATP
Evaluation of ATP PC anaerobic power with technology
Phosphorus NMR 31 spectroscopy
Non invasive to measure ATP and PC concentration with exercise
Very expensive
Put them in MRI and look at phosphate properties with MVIC as inorganic phosphate would accumulate with anaerobic
Difficult to measure changes in ATP PC in Vivo
field tests for ATP-PC anaerobic power (4)
Vertical jump test - force platform for actual power calculations (some from PC)
Margaria-Kalamen test - test for alactic power
- switch mats/photoelectric cells are essential for accuracy
Short running springs (30m)
Wingate peak power
- peak 5 second power during 30 second wingate test (usually first)
Time frame for training the ATPPC system
15 seconds or less
- not giving it enough time to recover
ATPPC training adaptations (4)
increased ATPPC turnover
-increased ATPase activity -30%
-increased myokinase activity -20%
-increased creatine kinase activity - 30-55%
increased ATPPC storage
-increased 40% cellular PC
-small increase in ATP
decreased depletion of ATP and PC at same absolute workload
no change in ATP and PC depletion at same relative workload
How does ATPPC training increase in your 1RM
level of intensity increases as you train
Production of creatine
endogenously by liver, kidney, pancreas, brain and testes from AA(arginine, glycine, methionine)/consumed from fish/meat
to maintain creatine levels
2g/day(1 from body 1 from food) for normal muscle creatine levels
(1kg red meat = 5g creatine)
who has low levels of muscle creatine?
vegetarians
what do people take as creatine supplements?
creatine monohydrate
4 rationales/claims for creatine’s ergogenic effects
increase PC and power and capacity of ATPPC which gives speedy recovery from short but high intensity activity
more hydrogen molecules sequestered during the creatine kinase reaction limiting decrease in pH
ATP can only fall to about 30 % but PC can fall to almost zero
increase lean body mass
Creatine supplementation protocol
loading - 20g/day for 5-7 days (0.3g/kg/day)
- could give you greater than 30% retained intramuscular PC
Maintenance - 3-5g/day 1wk-6m
Excess creatine
turned into creatinine and excreted
Creatine supplementation most effective for
repeated bouts of high intensity strength and sprint exercise
creatine supplementation show low increase in
max speed/power
How many do not respond to creatine supplementation and why?
20-30%
- responders are ones that have low levels of creatine like vegetarians and those who consume low lvls of animal protein
- if you have lower % fast twitch muscle fibers
- PC store only increases from 10-30 %
creatine and muscle hypertrophy?
no clear evidence
- potentially increased lean mass - indirect effect of increased work capacity
Is creatine safe?
yes
weight gain and creatine
up to 3kg
- may be ergolytic depending on sport - occurs quickly in first 1-2 days, mostly due to water retention
3 adverse effects
stiff muslces
endogenous production of creatine stops but appears to resume after supplementation stops
possible contamination with undeclared banned substance
creatine and renal function
no known adverse affects, but can impair in ind. with pre existing kidney problems
most effective sports for creatine supplementation
football/hockey for your small rests in between bouts
creatine and short track events
no but during off training
