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Exercise Physiology > altitude > Flashcards

altitude Flashcards

1
Q

low altitude

A

500-2000m leth, calg, denver

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2
Q

mod altitude

A

2000-3000 mt temple, right outside lake louise

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3
Q

high altitude

A

3000-5500m pikes peak

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4
Q

extreme altitude

A

> 5500, mt everest

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5
Q

why do you get mountain sickness in planes

A

because they keep it at 2000m

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6
Q

Partial pressure of oxygen and altitude

A

decrease as latter increases

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7
Q

mt everest

1921, 1924, 1953, 1978

A

mallory - reconnaissance (7020)
mallory and irving - dont know
hillary and tensing - first successful summit
messner - first summit w/o o2

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8
Q

arterial blood on mt everest

A

little oxygenation - 30mmhg in femoral blood

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9
Q

death zone

A

8000 metres - wont be able to survive

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10
Q

rob hall

A

commercialization - competition, survived the night in death zone till the next day till 530 pm

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11
Q

hypobaric hypoxia

A

lower total pressure - go to everest without going to everest - expensive and challenging because of the pressure diff inside and outside of the chamber

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12
Q

normobaric hypoxia

A

environment made hypoxia by reducing oxygen in the air (% of gases)

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13
Q

Haig Glacier Becky Scott High performance training centre

A

2700m

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14
Q

acute changes at altitude of arterial blood

A

reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
decreased PAO2 - decreased SaO2
decreased PAO2 increases time for PAO2 to equilibriate with PaO2

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15
Q

why are highly trained ind not protected from the effects of altitude

A

reduced transit time with exercise further reduces the O2 saturation of arterial blood

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16
Q

how to increase O2 in arterial blood

A

increase minute ventilation

  • decreased SaO2 will lead to an increase in minute ventilation (increased frequency) at rest and during submaximal exercise in order to increase PA O2 and SaO2%
  • hyper ventilation leads to decreased PAcos which decreases ventilatory drive and induces alkalosis,
17
Q

how to increase O2 delivery to tissues

A

increase HR and MAP activation of the SNS
- increase HR at rest and during submax,
-vasoconstricion -increases TPR which contributes to overall increase in MAP-
predisposes to high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema
- increased production of lactate - more fatigue

18
Q

acute changes at altitude

A

reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
increase VE in order to increase O2 in arterial blood
increased HR and MAP in order to increase O2 delivery to tissues

19
Q

effects of altitude on VO2 max

A

declines by 1% for every 100m increase in altitude (when over 1500m) - pikes peak - lowered by 27%
- everest - lowered by 75%

20
Q

what else does altitude do to aerobic endurance exercise

A

earlier onset of fatigue

21
Q

does altitude affect sprint, strength, and power exercise performace?

A

yes but not to the same extent

22
Q

why might anaerobic exercise performance improve at high altitude

A

they dont require oxygen and theres less pressure/air resistance

23
Q

acclimatization

A

adaptive physiological responses

24
Q

rapid altitude acclimatization

A

INCREASED ARTERIAL OXYGEN CONTENT

INCREASED DELIVERY OF OXYGEN

25
Q

how is the arterial oxygen content brought up

A
  • reduced plasma volme (increased urination) - increasd hematocrit (more ability for O2) and decreased Q
  • erythropoietin release - stimulates production of RBCs
26
Q

how is the delivery of oxygen increased -2

A

reduced bicarbonate which increases CO2 (decreased pH) which causes a right shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and increases VE
increaese in 2,3 DPG (diphosphoglycerate)
which is a metabolic by-product of RBCs, causes a right shift, and its beneficial up to 5000m, beyond that SaO2% is impaired

27
Q

4 chronic adaptation to altitude acclimatization

A

increased VE(VT)
increased blood volume
increased hematocrit (increased RBC from EPO)
reduced diffusion diff

28
Q

how does chronic adaptation work with acclimatization

A 
increased myoglobin (increased oxygen carrying capacity of tissues) 
stimulation of angiogenesis in lungs and muscles
29
Q

traditional altitude training

A

live and train at high altitude

benefits: increase in RBC, HGB, Hct, vascularization
negative: decrease in plasma volume, @, buffering capacity, increased viscosity of blood - fatigue more readily

30
Q

Live high, train low altitude training

A

sleep in normobaric hypoxic chamber

benefits: no decrease in plasma volume and some athletes benefit from increased hematocrit
negatives: less altitude stimulus

31
Q

train high, live low altitude training

A

rationale - increased training intensity

no clear evidence of increased VO2max

32
Q

overall effect of altitude training depends on 4

A

ind response, type of training, elevation, duration etc

33
Q

acute mountain sickness

A

mild altitude sickness that leads to headache, nausea, irritability, weakness, poor appetite, vomiting, tachycardia, disturbed breathing
above 2500m: 10-25%
between 4500-5500: 50-85%
takes 1-3 days to resolve

34
Q

6 risk factors for AMS

A

history
less than 46 yrs of age - brain atrophy - more room for edema
female- women have more migraines
history for migraines
genetics - hypoxic ventilatory response
- CV fitness is not protective - only more efficient
rapid ascent

35
Q

how do you adapt to AMS

A

you cant, you go down to recover

36
Q

high altitude cerebral edema - 3 symptoms and compromise of?

A

severe altitude sickness characterized by swelling in the brain due to increased BP and permeability of the barrier
- non-responsive headache and vomiting
- confusion, ataxia, cognitive issues
- drowsiness, unconsciousness, brain herniation, death
endothelial permeability

37
Q

high altitude pulmonary edema

2 symptoms and possible?

A

severe altitude sickness characterized by edema and fluid leakage in the lungs due to increased pulmonary BP and permeability of the vascular endothelium

  • low exercise capacity, labored breathing, coughing, low SaO2%, cyanosis (turning blue)
  • gurgling, pink, frothy sputum
  • can lead to death if not treated
38
Q

gamow bag

A

used to treat altitude sickness

Exercise Physiology (17 decks)

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