Atoms and Ions Flashcards
Elements
A pure substance made of only one type of atom
Compound
A substance made up of more than one type of atom joined by chemical bonds
molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
atom
Smallest particle of an element
3 types of atoms in elements?
Monatomic
Molecular elements (non-metal)
Metallic elements
What are compounds joined together by?
covalent bonds
Mixture
different substances in the same space that are not chemiccally joined
Weight of proton
1
Weight of neutron
1
What are Ions?
Uneven amount of protons and electrons which results in an unequal charge
Name of the positive ion?
Cation
Name of the negative ion?
Anion
What are isotopes?
Atoms with a different number of neutrons and protons.
How do you find the number of neutrons from isotopes?
Subtract atomic number from mass number. (just subtract the smaller number from the bigger one)
Electron configuration - maximum amount of electrons for first, second, third shell
2, 8, 18
Ground State
Lowest energy state for the element
Excited State
Electrons absorb energy and jump to higher energy levels.
What are Groups?
- Vertical
- No. of electrons in the valent shell
What are Periods?
- Horizontal
- No. of occupied electron shells
What is included in the Mass Number
Protons and neutrons
What is inluded in the Atomic Number
Protons
What is the octet rule?
When the third shell is filled up to 8, next 2 electrons are in the 4th shell, then the 3rd shell is next filled up until it has 18 electrons.
Covalent bonds
Bonds created from the sharing of electrons
