Atomic Structure Flashcards
Order of light spectrum series
Lyman-Blamer-paschen-Brackett-Pfund
Order of Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma - x rays- UV- IR- microwaves- radiowaves
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers ie an orbital cannot have more than two electrons( because spins must have opposite directions )
Aufbau pronciple
Electrons are filled in the order of their increasing energies. An orbital of lower energy is filled first.
Hunds rule
Pairif of elctrons doesent take place until each orbital is singly filled.
Electronic configuration
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d
Number of waves in nth orbit
N= 2πr/λ=n; Lamda = wavelength of a wave and n is principal quantum num
Energy of electron in nth orbit
E(n)= -13.6 Z^/n^ ev/atom
Wave number of spectral line
v(bar)= 1/λ= RZ²(1/n1^ - 1/n2^)
; R( Rydberg constant)=10^9
Radius of nth orbit of an atom
r(n)= 0.529 x n^/z
Velocity of electron in nth orbit of an atom
V= 2 x 10⁶ x Z/n
Energy of a photon E= ?
E= hv= hc/λ=hcv(bar)=1240/λ
; h( planks constant) = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js
v= frequency of rotation
E= energy of one photon
Relation between de Broglie wavelength and momentum of particle λ=?
λ= h/p=h/mv
Photoelectric effect hv=?
hv= hv0 + KE ; KE is kinetic energy of emitted photoelectron v= frequency v0= threshold frequency h= Planks constant= 6 x 10^-34
Heisenberg uncertainty principle Δx.Δv>= ?
Δx.Δv>= h/4πm
No of subshells in nth shell ( principal quantum number n)
n
Number of orbitals in nth subshell ( azimuthal quantum number l)
n^; l=0,1,2…(n-1)
Number of orbitals in a sub shell ( magnetic quantum number m)
2l+1
; -l,-l+1,….-1,0,1,2…l-1,l
Number of electrons in nth shell
2n^
Total number of nodes N=?
N=n-1; n= principal quantum number
Total number of radial nodes N=?
N=n-l-1; l= azimuthal quantum number and n = principal quantum number
Orbital angular momentum of electron L= ?
L= √l(l+1) h/2π
; l= azimuthal quantum number and h = planks constant
Wavelength λ increases , frequency v ?
decreases
Quantum efficiency or Quantum yield =?
Quantum efficiency or quantum = No of molecules reacting / No of quanta absorbed
Bohr quantisation rule mvr=?
mvr= n.h/2π
Revolution per second = ?
Revolution per second = v/2πr= 0.657 x 10¹⁶(Z²/n³)
Time for one revolution =?
Time for one revolution = 2πr/v = 1/ Revolutions per second
Energy difference between n1 and n2 levels E(n2) - E(n1) = ?
E(n2) - E(n1) = 13.6Z²(1/n₁²-1/n₂²)
Number of spectral lines for electrons de exiting from higher energy(n) level to ground state =?
n(n-1)/2
Number of spectral lines when electrons de excite form a higher energy level(n2) to lower energy level(n1) =?
(n2-n1)(n2-n1+1)/2
Number of spectral lines when electrons de excite form a higher energy level(n2) to lower energy level(n1) in an isolated atom =?
(n2-n1)
Threshold frequency is the minim frequency required to……?
Threshold frequency is the minimum frequency required to eject electrons from the surface of the metal.
De Broglie Hypothesis says that all materials possess ?
Both wave character as well as particle character
Degenerate orbitals are orbitals with the same ?
Principal quantum number n and same sub shell
Number of electrons in s orbital =?
2
Number of electrons in p orbital =?
6
Number of electrons in d orbital
10
