ATM Flashcards
Which four services does Air Traffic Service (ATS) provide?
Flight Information Service (FIS)
Alerting Service (ALRS)
Air Traffic Advisory Service (ADVS)
Air Traffic Control Service (ATC)
What is the definition/objective of ATC?
- Prevent collisions between aircraft
- Pprevent collisions between aircraft on the maneuvering area and obstructions on that area
- Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic
What is the definition/objective of FIS?
Give advice and information useful for the safe and
efficient conduct of flights.
What is the definition/objective of ALRS?
Notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assists such organizations as required.
What is the definition/objective of ADVS?
A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans.
Which three parts/units can ATC be subdivided in?
TWR - Aerodrome control service
APP - Approach control service
ACC - Area control service
Which three methods of separation can be applied by ATC services?
Procedural separation - based on position information from pilot
Surveillance separation - based on aircraft position indications (e.g. radar)
Visual separation - based on visual observation by TWR
Which airspace classes are controlled?
And which are uncontrolled?
Controlled: A, B, C, D and E
Uncontrolled: F, G
In which airspace classes is ATC service provided to IFR flights?
And in which airspace classes is ATC service provided to VFR flights?
IFR: A, B, C, D and E
VFR: B, C, D
In which airspace class is VFR prohibited?
Class A airspace
In class A airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
All IFR flights are seperated from eachother
No VFR Allowed
In class B airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
All flights are seperated from eachother
In class C airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
IFR:
- IFR from IFR
- IFR from VFR
VFR:
-VFR from IFR
- traffic information is provided about VFR flights
In class D airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: IFR from IFR
VFR: nil (traffic information is provided as far as practical)
In class E airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: IFR from IFR (+ traffic information about VFR as far as practical)
VFR: nil (traffic information is provided as far as practical)
In class F airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: IFR from IFR as far as practical (by means of air traffic advisory service)
VFR: Nil
In class G airspace:
- what kind of separation is provided to IFR flights?
- what kind of separation is provided to VFR flights?
No seperation is provided in class G airspace
In which airspace classes is an IFR flight subject to an ATC clearance?
And in which airspace classes is a VFR flight subject to an ATC clearance
IFR: A, B, C, D and E (controlled airspace)
VFR: B, C and D (not E)
In which airspace classes is continuous two-way radio communication required for IFR flights?
And in which airspace classes is continuous two-way radio communication required for VFR flights?
IFR: In all airspace classes
VFR: B, C, D
In class A and B airspace:
- What are the speed limitations for IFR flights?
- What are the speed limitations for VFR flights?
No speed limitations
In class C airspace:
- What are the speed limitations for IFR flights?
- What are the speed limitations for VFR flights?
IFR: no speed limitations
VFR: 250 kts IAS below 3050m (10 000ft) AMSL
In class D, E, F and G airspace:
- What are the speed limitations for IFR flights?
- What are the speed limitations for VFR flights?
IFR: 250 kts IAS below 3050m (10 000ft) AMSL
VFR: 250 kts IAS below 3050m (10 000ft) AMSL
In class A airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: ATC
VFR: none (VFR is not allowed in class A)
In class B airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: ATC
VFR: ATC
In class C airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: ATC
VFR:
- ATC for seperation from IFR
- Traffic information (and avoidance advice) about VFR
In class D airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR:
- ATC
- traffic information (and avoidance advice) about VFR
VFR:
- traffic information (and avoidance advice) about IFR and VFR
In class E airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR:
- ATC
- traffic information about VFR
VFR:
- traffic information as far as practical
In class F airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR:
- air traffic advisory service (ADVS)
- flight information service (FIS)
VFR:
- flight information service (FIS)
In class G airspace:
- What type of service is provided to IFR flights?
- What type of service is provided to VFR flights?
IFR: flight information service (FIS)
VFR: flight information service (FIS)
Which two units/agencies have to be established in a Search and Rescue Region (SRR), and what are they responsible for?
- Rescue Coordination Center:
Communication with ATS, contact with vessels, contact with adjacent RCC, MET offices, rescue units, satellite centres etc. - Rescue Unit:
Means of locating and assisting at the accident, with aircraft/ships/ground vehicles that are equipped with COMM, rescue personnel, survival equipment etc.
True/false: FIS is only given as a service in areas without Air Traffic Control
False: FIS is given in all airspace classes (A t/m G) and ATC is usually responsible for giving FIS. However, ATC is always given priority over FIS.
How can you close a flight plan?
In person
Radiotelephony
Data link to ATS unit at the destination aerodrome
What does a controller need to do when the flight crew of an aircraft informs ATC that they have a failure or degradation of an a/c system which can affect the separation minima?
The controller shall take action to establish another type of separation.
For longitudinal separation, what is the minimum time over the same point when the preceding ACFT is 20kts faster?
5 min
For longitudinal separation, what is the minimum time over the same point when there are frequent position reports?
10 min
What are the levels used in RVSM airspace?
FL290 - FL410 (inclusive), 1000 ft vert separation
Procedural vertical separation. What are the 3 exepctions for when an a/c can not be cleared to a previous occupied level that has been reported vacating by another a/c?
Severe turbulence known to exist
Higher a/c effecting cruise climb (is slow climbing)
Difference in performance such that separation may be lost
If the preceding a/c is Mach .03 faster, what is the needed time separation?
8 min
How can two a/c be lateral separated when making use of a VOR?
At lease one a/c is 15 NM from VOR
Other a/c is on a radial that differs at least 15 degrees
When can an departing a/c be identified using PSR?
By correlating an observed radar position indication with an a/c which is known to have just departed, identification is established within 1 NM from the end of the runway used.
Using the turn method for PSR identification, what is the minimum change in heading?
30 degrees
What are the three stages of the SSR identification procedure?
General location of a SSR response or position which is POSSIBLY the a/c concerned
Application of an approved identification method to a SSR response or position symbol which is PROBABLY the a/c concerned
POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION of the a/c after completion of one or more of the approved identification methods
What are procedures to use for identification of an a/c where SSR, ADS-B or MLAT is used?
- Recognition of the a/c identification (call sign) in the label, when a discrete code is assigned.
- Direct recognition of a Mode S equipped a/c in label
- By transfer of identification
- Set a specific code
- Squawk IDENT
What info is included in the first call an a/c makes to an ATC unit?
- Designation of the station being called
- Call sign (if applicable the word “Heavy”
- Level, or if climbing /descending the passing level and cleared level
- Speed, if assigned by ATC
- Additional elements, as required by the appropriate ATS authority
What info shall the controller give the a/c when terminating vectoring?
- Instruct the pilot to resume own navigation
- Give the pilot the a/c position and appropriate instructions if the current instructions have diverted the a/c from a previously assigned route
If your transponder does not work on the a/c, do you still have a TCAS alert?
No, TCAS is working with transponder signals.
What is proximity traffic on TCAS?
Any target within 6 NM and within 1200 ft (filled diamond)
Below how many ft are all spoken messages inhibited within TCAS?
Below 500 ft AGL
Which messages are inhibited below 1450 ft AGL for TCAS?
RA: “Increase Descent”
When is the RA: “Descent” message inhibited?
Below 1100 ft AGL
Is there a moment when all RA are inhibited?
Yes, below 1000 ft AGL
What are the 3 levels of Air Space Management with FUE?
Level 1 - Strategic ASM; national policy and structures
Level 2 - Pre-tactical ASM; Day to day allocation of airspace
Level 3 - Tactical ASM; Real time use of airspace
Can Permanent ATS routes have different base levels depending on time of day?
Yes! But these routes are not part of FUA structure.
What is the difference between Danger, Restricted and Prohibited areas?
Danger: activites dangerous to flight (aerobatics, parachuting, etc)
Restricted: flight restricted in accordance with specified conditions (artillery firing, aerial gunnery, mil flight training)
Prohibited: Flight prohibited (national security areas)
What are the three levels of activation of Temporary Segregated Areas (TSA)?
Published Hours: established at level 1; max possible activation time and published in AIP or by NOTAM
Planned Hours: Decided at level 2; planned user time within published hours, published as Airspace User Plan (AUP)
Real Activation Times: Activated at Level 3; actual user time within planned hours; ATC operations
What are the categories of Conditional Routes (CDR)?
Category 1: permanently plannable during times published in AIP
Category 2: non-permanently plannable; typically through FUA that is seldom available to GAT, made available for flight planning at least 1 day in advance, allocated for use at ASM level 2, published in daily AUP
Category 3: Non-plannable; typically through FUA that is seldom available to GAT, made available on short notice (less than 1 day in advance), allocated fur use at ASM Level 3 (ATC units)
When 2 a/c are separated lateral over a Dead reckoning point, can one of the a/c be inboud?
No, dead reckoning can only be used when both A/C are outbound from the point.
An AFTM service shall be implemented…
Where traffic demand at times exceeds the defined ATC capacity
