Athlete Leadership and Role Perceptions

Question 1

Roles - source

Answer 1

Fransen et al., 2014

Question 2

Formal roles

Answer 2

Directly prescribed

Question 3

Informal roles

Answer 3

Evolve through interactions

Question 4

Applied Model of Role Perceptions - source

Answer 4

Beauchamp, 2005

Question 5

Applied Model of Role Perceptions

Answer 5

diagram

Question 6

Role clarity - source

Answer 6

Eys et al., 2007

Question 7

Eys et al., 2007 - Role clarity

Answer 7

How clear a player is of role

4 components:

• Scope of responsibilities
• Role behaviours
• Role evaluation
• Role consequences

Question 8

Role conflict - source

Answer 8

Beauchamp & Bray, 2001

Question 9

Beauchamp & Bray, 2001 - Role conflict

Answer 9

University athletes from multiple sports

Negative correlation between role conflict and role efficacy

Mediated by role ambiguity

Greater impact in nonstarters:

• Less practice
• Less clear instruction

Question 10

Role efficacy

Answer 10

Confidence to perform role

Negatively related to role conflict and ambiguity

Question 11

Role acceptance - source

Answer 11

Benson et al., 2013

Question 12

Role acceptance - definition

Answer 12

The degree to which an athlete is willing to fulfill expected responsibilities

Question 13

Benson et al., 2013 - Role acceptance - 4 antecedents

Answer 13

Significance of athlete roles

• Importance
• Status
• Acknowledgement from coach, teammates

Team cohesion

• Group
• Individual attractions

Athlete perceptions of coach

• Competency
• Style of leadership
• Feedback

Role satisfaction, clarity and conflict

Question 14

Benson et al., 2013 - Role acceptance - Consequences

Answer 14

Group

• Violation of norms
• Performance
• Conflict
• Climate

Individual

• Retention/attrition
• Emotional state

Question 15

Four-Fold Athlete Leadership Categorisation - Source

Answer 15

Fransen et al., 2014

Question 16

Fransen et al., 2014 - Four-Fold Athlete Leadership Categorisation

Answer 16

diagram

Question 17

Task Leader

Answer 17

Leader on pitch

Focus on task execution

Question 18

Motivational leader

Answer 18

Leader on pitch

Focus on team energy/morale/emotions

Question 19

Social leader

Answer 19

Focused on group atmosphere

Promotes social cohesion

Plans social outings

Provides social support

Deal with conflict

Question 20

External leader

Answer 20

Link between team and outside

• Higher ups
• Media
• Represents team at events

Question 21

Fransen et al., 2014

Answer 21

4400+ participants in Belgium - players and coaches

‘On-field’ leadership roles were perceived as more important

The captain was a task or motivational leader

Almost half of participants did not perceive captain as most important

Informal athlete leaders take the lead

Question 22

Cotterill & Fransen, 2016

Answer 22

Informal leaders act as cultural architect:

• Possess ability to change mindset of others
• Can help and hinder formal leaders
• Can impact perceptions of rest of team

Informal leaders often perceived as best

Leaders’ effectiveness depends on the extent that leaders are able to create and manage a shared identity within a group

Question 23

Fransen et al., 2017

Answer 23

Professional teams with better athlete leadership perform better

Athletes:

• Clear sense of goals
• More highly committed
• Greater collective efficacy

Using social network analysis to identify leadership group ensures that appointed leaders are accepted, which will enhance effectiveness of leadership

Question 24

Leadership development - source

Answer 24

Duguay et al., 2016

Question 25

Duguay et al., 2016 - Leadership development

Answer 25

University athletes participated in workshops

Opportunities to learn and practice leadership behaviours:

• Transformational leadership
• Multidimensional leadership]
• Strategies for promoting goals and teamwork

Significant improvements:

• Athlete leadership behaviours
• Satisfaction with performance
• Satisfaction with teammates
• Task-focused motivational climate