atherosclerosis Flashcards
what is atherosclerosis
an arterial disease characterized by thickening or hardening of the arteries
what is the leading cause of heart and stroke
atherosclerosis
what is sufficient for the development of artherosclerosis
increased serum cholesterol
normal artery wall consist of what
intima
media
adventitia layer
the intima consist of
endothetial
subendothelial marix
basement membrane intima
facts about the media
middle and thickest
has smooth muscle cells
provides vascular tone
facts about the adventitia layer
consist of
collagen fibers
vasovasorums
nerve endings
has sparse cell distribution
Some pathophysiology
deposition of lipoproteins
platlet adhesion
lipid accumulation
what is the atherommatous plaque
white or yellow lesions that
are elevated from the vessel intima, but may coalesce to form larger
masses
what is an ulcerted plaque
take on a red-brown color due to thrombus
accumulating on the plaques
what is the most sensitive method to diagnose atheroosclerosis
angiography or Doppler ultrasound
if an atherosclerosis involves the carotid artery it can cause what
stroke
if it involves the coronary artery it can cause
ischemic heart disease or arrythmia
if it involves renal arteries it can cause
kidney disease
plaque rupture occurs as what
clinically trigerring of thrombus formation
the thrombus plaque cases what
partial or
complete vascular
occlusion and causes
infarction
thrombus formation causes what
acute myocardial infraction..in stenosis
stroke…
peripheral vascular disease…in extremity vessels
what happens after the theres a damage of the atherosclerotic structure
vessel wall weakens
how does aneurysm happen
this happens after the atherosclerotic structure has been damaged the vessel wall in that area weakens
treatment
exercise
medication
surgery
what is coronary artery disease
a
decrease in blood flow to the heart as a
result of the development of
atherosclerosis in the epicardial arteries.
some other ilnesses that can be seen in patients who have CAD
Stable angina or acute coronary syndrome
risk factors for CAD
diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose
risk factors for CAD
diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose
how is ischemia detected in CAD
repolarization anomalies
including st segment depression
decreased lvef
test for cad
Interventional coronary angiography
what revascularization surgey is reomommended n.b this surgery is recomended to those with a failed surgery or angina
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
and Coronary Artery
Bypass Graft (CABG
facts about the percutaneous coronary intervention
its a minimally invasive procedure to improve blood flow
includes baloon angioplasty
the stents can be drugs or metals
what is the most preferred venous graft for the cabg
most prefered arterial grafts
saphenous vein
internal
thoracic arteries and radial arteries
the preoperative stay is advised to what kind of pateint
patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cabg surgery
what period beings in the coronary care unit after the icu
post operative
post opertaive
rest
teaching techniques to increase ventilation
life style change and medical treatment should be advised here
things to do in the phase 11 or outpatient rehabilitation phase
start with evaluation
patient does maximal extercise test to determine thier exercise capacity
or 6 min walk
next the patient is subjected to an exercise based pprograme
etc
what exercise training can be given to d patients
miet ..moderate intensity exer training..should be given at 50-70perc vo2 max
or HIIT..80-100 v02 max
LIIT..50-70 v02 max
large muscle groups should be started with
50 perc of 1 rm and gradually increases to 70-80 perc
