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cardiopulmonary rehabilitation > atherosclerosis > Flashcards

atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

an arterial disease characterized by thickening or hardening of the arteries

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2
Q

what is the leading cause of heart and stroke

A

atherosclerosis

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3
Q

what is sufficient for the development of artherosclerosis

A

increased serum cholesterol

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4
Q

normal artery wall consist of what

A

intima
media
adventitia layer

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5
Q

the intima consist of

A

endothetial
subendothelial marix
basement membrane intima

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6
Q

facts about the media

A

middle and thickest
has smooth muscle cells
provides vascular tone

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7
Q

facts about the adventitia layer

A

consist of
collagen fibers
vasovasorums
nerve endings

has sparse cell distribution

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8
Q

Some pathophysiology

A

deposition of lipoproteins
platlet adhesion
lipid accumulation

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9
Q

what is the atherommatous plaque

A

white or yellow lesions that
are elevated from the vessel intima, but may coalesce to form larger
masses

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10
Q

what is an ulcerted plaque

A

take on a red-brown color due to thrombus
accumulating on the plaques

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11
Q

what is the most sensitive method to diagnose atheroosclerosis

A

angiography or Doppler ultrasound

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12
Q

if an atherosclerosis involves the carotid artery it can cause what

A

stroke

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13
Q

if it involves the coronary artery it can cause

A

ischemic heart disease or arrythmia

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14
Q

if it involves renal arteries it can cause

A

kidney disease

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15
Q

plaque rupture occurs as what

A

clinically trigerring of thrombus formation

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16
Q

the thrombus plaque cases what

A

partial or
complete vascular
occlusion and causes
infarction

17
Q

thrombus formation causes what

A

acute myocardial infraction..in stenosis
stroke…
peripheral vascular disease…in extremity vessels

18
Q

what happens after the theres a damage of the atherosclerotic structure

A

vessel wall weakens

19
Q

how does aneurysm happen

A

this happens after the atherosclerotic structure has been damaged the vessel wall in that area weakens

20
Q

treatment

A

exercise
medication
surgery

21
Q

what is coronary artery disease

A

a
decrease in blood flow to the heart as a
result of the development of
atherosclerosis in the epicardial arteries.

22
Q

some other ilnesses that can be seen in patients who have CAD

A

Stable angina or acute coronary syndrome

23
Q

risk factors for CAD

A

diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose

23
Q

risk factors for CAD

A

diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose

24
Q

how is ischemia detected in CAD

A

repolarization anomalies
including st segment depression

decreased lvef

25
Q

test for cad

A

Interventional coronary angiography

26
Q

what revascularization surgey is reomommended n.b this surgery is recomended to those with a failed surgery or angina

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
and Coronary Artery
Bypass Graft (CABG

27
Q

facts about the percutaneous coronary intervention

A

its a minimally invasive procedure to improve blood flow
includes baloon angioplasty
the stents can be drugs or metals

28
Q

what is the most preferred venous graft for the cabg
most prefered arterial grafts

A

saphenous vein
internal
thoracic arteries and radial arteries

29
Q

the preoperative stay is advised to what kind of pateint

A

patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cabg surgery

30
Q

what period beings in the coronary care unit after the icu

A

post operative

31
Q

post opertaive

A

rest
teaching techniques to increase ventilation
life style change and medical treatment should be advised here

32
Q

things to do in the phase 11 or outpatient rehabilitation phase

A

start with evaluation
patient does maximal extercise test to determine thier exercise capacity
or 6 min walk
next the patient is subjected to an exercise based pprograme
etc

33
Q

what exercise training can be given to d patients

A

miet ..moderate intensity exer training..should be given at 50-70perc vo2 max
or HIIT..80-100 v02 max
LIIT..50-70 v02 max

34
Q

large muscle groups should be started with

A

50 perc of 1 rm and gradually increases to 70-80 perc

cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (18 decks)

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