Asthma and COPD Treatments

Question 1

Whats does SABA stand for?

Answer 1

• short acting B2 agonist

Question 2

What is the main SABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

Answer 2

• salbutamol (ventolin)

Question 3

What are alternative SABA drugs to Salbutamol?

Answer 3

• terbutaline (bricanyl)

Question 4

How fast does salbutamol as a SABA work and generally last for?

Answer 4

• effective within 10 minutes

- last 3-5 hours

Question 5

Is Salbutamol as a SABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?

Answer 5

• reliever

Question 6

What are the common side effects of Salbutamol?

Answer 6

• tachycardia (B1 receptors in heart)
• tremors (B2 receptors in skeletal muscle)
• agitation

Question 7

How can Salbutamol as a SABA be administered?

Answer 7

• inhaler (generally)

- intravenously (more side effects)

Question 8

When using inhalers, how much of the drug generally reaches the lungs?

Answer 8

• 8-15%

Question 9

Whats does LABA stand for?

Answer 9

• long acting B2 agonist

Question 10

What is the main LABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

Answer 10

• Salmeterol

Question 11

What are alternative LABA drugs to Salmeterol?

Answer 11

• Formoterol

Question 12

How fast does salmeterol as a LABA work and generally last for?

Answer 12

• effective within 30 minutes

- last 10-12 hours

Question 13

Is Salmeterol as a LABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?

Answer 13

• preventative

Question 14

How can Salmeterol as a SABA be administered?

Answer 14

• inhaled only

Question 15

Whats does SAMA stand for?

Answer 15

• short acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist

Question 16

What is the main SAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

Answer 16

• Ipratropium Bromide

Question 17

How fast does Ipratropium Bromide as a SAMA work and generally last for?

Answer 17

• effective within 30 minutes

- last 6 hours

Question 18

What does LAMA stand for?

Answer 18

• long acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist

Question 19

What is the main LAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

Answer 19

• Tiotropium

Question 20

How long does Tiotropium does LAMA work for?

Answer 20

• 6-12 hours

Question 21

What are some common side effects to SAMA (Ipratropium Bromide) and LAMA (Tiotropium)?

Answer 21

• effets on parasympathetic system
• dry mouth
• blurred vision
• closed-angle glaucoma
• urinary retention
• cardiac arrhythmias
• taste disturbance
• dizziness
• epistaxis

Question 22

What are corticosteroids?

Answer 22

• drugs that ⬇️ inflammation

Question 23

How do glucocorticosteroids (GCS) reduce inflammation?

Answer 23

• GCS receptors bind with GCS
• CGS-receptor complex taken into nucleus
• ⬇️ inflammatory gene transcription

Question 24

What are the 2 core corticosteroids used in asthma and COPD that we need to know?

Answer 24

• Prednisolone (orally)

- Beclomethasome (inhaler)

Question 25

What are some common side effects of Beclomethasome (inhaler)?

Answer 25

• ⬇️ immune system response to infection

Question 26

What is combination therapy?

Answer 26

• when 1 or more drugs are combined

Question 27

Why is combination therapy preferred over increasing a drug dosage?

Answer 27

• synergistic effects
• improved compliance
• cost effective

Question 28

What are the most common combination therapies for B2 agonist and M3 antagonist?

Answer 28

• LABA + ICS
• LABA + LAMA
• LABA + ICS + LAMA

Question 29

What are methylxanthine drugs?

Answer 29

• phosphodiesterase inhibitors (inhibit cAMP degradation)
• essentially agonist for Gas B2 receptors
• ⬆️ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
• ⬆️ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
• ⬇️ Ca2+ = vasodilation

Question 30

What are the 2 most common methylxanthine drugs that we need to know?

Answer 30

• theophylline (thee-ow-fi-line): oral orally for chronic asthma or COPD
• aminophylline (a-min-off-fa-line): intravenous in emergencies

Question 31

What type of drugs are carbocisteines?

Answer 31

• mucolytic drugs

- ⬇️ mucous viscosity

Question 32

Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor. What is the action of this drug?

Answer 32

• inhibit leukotrienes

- ⬇️ inflammation

Question 33

What is oxygen therapy?

Answer 33

• classed as drug

- ⬆️ FiO2 sometimes 100%

Question 34

What are some ways oxygen can be delivered?

Answer 34

• nasal cannula
• face mask
• long term O2 therapy
• re-breathe mask
• Venturi mask

Question 35

What are the 3 antibiotics we need to know about to treat chest infections?

Answer 35

1 - amoxicillin
2 - clarithromyocin
3 - vancomyosin

Question 36

What class of drugs is amoxicillin, and the mechanism of action?

Answer 36

• penicillin
• inhibits transpeptide bonds in bacterial wall
• causes lysis of bacteria

Question 37

What class of drugs is clarithromyocin, and the mechanism of action?

Answer 37

• macrolids
• inhibit bacterial ribosome
• ⬇️ protein synthesis

Question 38

What class of drugs is vancomyosin, and the mechanism of action?

Answer 38

• glycopeptide
• inhibit glycopeptide bonds in bacterial walls
• causes lysis of bacteria

Question 39

Which antibiotics are used to treat Streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 39

• amoxicillin

- clarithromyocin

Question 40

Which antibiotics are used to treat Methicillin resistant Staph aureus?

Answer 40

• vancomyosin