Asthma and COPD Treatments Flashcards
Whats does SABA stand for?
- short acting B2 agonist
What is the main SABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?
- salbutamol (ventolin)
What are alternative SABA drugs to Salbutamol?
- terbutaline (bricanyl)
How fast does salbutamol as a SABA work and generally last for?
- effective within 10 minutes
- last 3-5 hours
Is Salbutamol as a SABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?
- reliever
What are the common side effects of Salbutamol?
- tachycardia (B1 receptors in heart)
- tremors (B2 receptors in skeletal muscle)
- agitation
How can Salbutamol as a SABA be administered?
- inhaler (generally)
- intravenously (more side effects)
When using inhalers, how much of the drug generally reaches the lungs?
- 8-15%
Whats does LABA stand for?
- long acting B2 agonist
What is the main LABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?
- Salmeterol
What are alternative LABA drugs to Salmeterol?
- Formoterol
How fast does salmeterol as a LABA work and generally last for?
- effective within 30 minutes
- last 10-12 hours
Is Salmeterol as a LABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?
- preventative
How can Salmeterol as a SABA be administered?
- inhaled only
Whats does SAMA stand for?
- short acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist
What is the main SAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?
- Ipratropium Bromide
How fast does Ipratropium Bromide as a SAMA work and generally last for?
- effective within 30 minutes
- last 6 hours
What does LAMA stand for?
- long acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist
What is the main LAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?
- Tiotropium
How long does Tiotropium does LAMA work for?
- 6-12 hours
What are some common side effects to SAMA (Ipratropium Bromide) and LAMA (Tiotropium)?
- effets on parasympathetic system
- dry mouth
- blurred vision
- closed-angle glaucoma
- urinary retention
- cardiac arrhythmias
- taste disturbance
- dizziness
- epistaxis
What are corticosteroids?
- drugs that ⬇️ inflammation
How do glucocorticosteroids (GCS) reduce inflammation?
- GCS receptors bind with GCS
- CGS-receptor complex taken into nucleus
- ⬇️ inflammatory gene transcription
What are the 2 core corticosteroids used in asthma and COPD that we need to know?
- Prednisolone (orally)
- Beclomethasome (inhaler)
What are some common side effects of Beclomethasome (inhaler)?
- ⬇️ immune system response to infection
What is combination therapy?
- when 1 or more drugs are combined
Why is combination therapy preferred over increasing a drug dosage?
- synergistic effects
- improved compliance
- cost effective
What are the most common combination therapies for B2 agonist and M3 antagonist?
- LABA + ICS
- LABA + LAMA
- LABA + ICS + LAMA
What are methylxanthine drugs?
- phosphodiesterase inhibitors (inhibit cAMP degradation)
- essentially agonist for Gas B2 receptors
- ⬆️ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
- ⬆️ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
- ⬇️ Ca2+ = vasodilation
What are the 2 most common methylxanthine drugs that we need to know?
- theophylline (thee-ow-fi-line): oral orally for chronic asthma or COPD
- aminophylline (a-min-off-fa-line): intravenous in emergencies
What type of drugs are carbocisteines?
- mucolytic drugs
- ⬇️ mucous viscosity
Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor. What is the action of this drug?
- inhibit leukotrienes
- ⬇️ inflammation
What is oxygen therapy?
- classed as drug
- ⬆️ FiO2 sometimes 100%
What are some ways oxygen can be delivered?
- nasal cannula
- face mask
- long term O2 therapy
- re-breathe mask
- Venturi mask
What are the 3 antibiotics we need to know about to treat chest infections?
1 - amoxicillin
2 - clarithromyocin
3 - vancomyosin
What class of drugs is amoxicillin, and the mechanism of action?
- penicillin
- inhibits transpeptide bonds in bacterial wall
- causes lysis of bacteria
What class of drugs is clarithromyocin, and the mechanism of action?
- macrolids
- inhibit bacterial ribosome
- ⬇️ protein synthesis
What class of drugs is vancomyosin, and the mechanism of action?
- glycopeptide
- inhibit glycopeptide bonds in bacterial walls
- causes lysis of bacteria
Which antibiotics are used to treat Streptococcus pneumonia?
- amoxicillin
- clarithromyocin
Which antibiotics are used to treat Methicillin resistant Staph aureus?
- vancomyosin
