Asthma and Allergy Flashcards
Beta2 adrenergic agonists
(short acting and long acting)
Classification
MOA
ROA
Classification: bronchodilator MOA: 1. stimulate AC (adenylyl cyclase) causing increase in cAMP resulting in bronchodilation 2. inhibit release of mediators from mast cells ROA: 1. Inhalation 2. oral 3. SC (terbutaline)
Beta2 adrenergic agonists (short acting and long acting) Use Unique Use Side Effects
Use: symptom relief of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks
Unique Use: used in combination with corticosteroids in an inhaler
Side Effects:
1. skeletal muscle tremors
2. tachy
3. anxiety, restlessness, apprehension
Theophylline
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification: Bronchodilator
MOA:
1. Inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase causing an increase of cAMP
2. competitive antagonist at adenosine receptors
ROA:
1. oral
2. slow IV over 40 mins
Theophylline
Use
Unique Use
Side Effects
Use: maintenance therapy for chronic asthma
Unique Use: sustained release oral therapy
Side Effects:
1. Narrow therapeutic window
2. convulsions
3. tachy
4. circulatory collapse
- used under child 2
- rarely used because of side effects, drug interactions, limited effectiveness and risk of life threatening complications of overdose
Ipratropium
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification: Bronchodilator
MOA:
1. Competitively blocks the muscarinic receptors in the airway
ROA:
1. Inhalation
Ipratropium
Use
Unique Use
Side Effects
Use:
Alone or in combination with B2 adrenergic agonists in acute asthma
Unique Use:
Used when a coexisting chronic bronchitis or cough is a symptom in an asthmatic patient
Side Effects:
Minimal, if dosage is too high may cause atropine like effects
Corticosteroids
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification: Anti-inflammatory agent
MOA:
- Inhibits phospholipase A2 activity
- reduction in the synthesis of arachidonic acid
- inhibition of the release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins
ROA:
- Inhalation
- Oral
- IV
Corticosteroids
Use
Unique Use
Side Effects
Use: Maintenance therapy for chronic asthma
Unique Use:
Treats the underlying inflammation of asthma, reducing frequency and severity of attacks
Side Effects:
1. short term-increased energy, insomnia, hunger, agitation, mood alterations
- long term-osteoporosis, cataracts, myopathy, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis suppression, supression
Cromolyn
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification: anti-inflammatory agent
MOA: decrease in the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes
ROA:
1. inhalation
Cromolyn
Use
Unique Use
Side Effects
Use:
prophylactic treatment for preventing bronchospasm
Unique Use:
- used prior to use of exercise
- used prior to cold air
Side Effects:
occasional coughing
Zafirlukast, Montelukast
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification: leukotriene inhibitor MOA:1. antagonist at the LTD4 leukotriene receptor 2. The LTE4 receptor is also blocked ROA: 1. oral
Zafirlukast, Montelukast
Use
Unique Use
Side Effects
Use: prophylactic therapy for preventing bronchospasm
Unique Use: 1. aspirin induced asthma 2. prior to the cold Side Effects: 1. headache 2. nausea
Zileuton
Classification:
MOA:
ROA:
Classification:leukotriene inhibitor
MOA: inhibits 5- lipoxygenase to decrease the production of leukotrienes
ROA:
oral
Zileuton
Use:
Unique Use:
Side Effects:
Use: prophylactic therapy for preventing bronchospasm
Unique Use:
- Exercise induced asthma
- Aspirin induced asthma
- Antigen-induced asthma
Side Effects:
1. contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease
Doxepin
use for chronic urticaria not responding to other H1 antagonists (antihistamine)
