#14 8-19-15 Flashcards
sympathetic area
thoracolumbar
parasympathetic
craniosacral
Where do pre-ganglionic cells arise from and where do they project to?
arise from the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord and project to ganglia that give rise to post ganglionic cells
Sympathetic pre and post ganglion cells?
pre=short=Ach
post=long=NE
Parasympathetic pre and post ganglion cells?
pre=long=Ach
post=short =Ach
What are the exceptions of post ganglionic sympathetic fibers that release Ach?
- sweat glands
- skeletal muscle blood vessels
Parasympathetic roles in: Eye Heart Bronchioles GI tract Bladder
“Rest and Digest”
Eye:
- sphincter–>miosis
- ciliary muscle–>change shape of lens
Heart:
- SA node to reduce heart rate
- AV node to slow conduction
Bronchioles: constriction
GI: promote secretions and motility
Bladder: detrusor muscle, bladder emptying
Sympathetic roles in: Eye Heart Bronchioles GI tract Bladder
“Fight or flight”
Eye:
- Dilator-Pupillary Dilation (mydriasis)-constantly going
- Ciliary Epithelium-production of aqueous humor
Heart:
- SA node pacemaker depolarization–>accelerate HR
a. increases calcium and funny current to promote faster spontaneous depolarization during phase 4
b. lower threshold for activation - greater contractile force of the heart
- greater calcium influx into myocytes
Bronchioles:
-relaxation of smooth muscle
Blood Vessels: Contraction and relaxation
GI tract: decreased motility
Bladder-inhibits emptying-contracting urethral sphincters and relaxing detrusor muscle
Metabolic functions-increased blood sugar
What are the steps to adrenergic neurotransmission?
- synthesis
- tyrosine hydroxylase–>DOPA
- VMAT (transport into vesicles) - storage in vesicles
- dopamine b hydroxylase converts dopamine to NE - release of
catecholamines
-voltage dependent opening of calcium channels-SNARE proteins - binding of neurotransmitter to post or pre-synaptic sites
- termination of action
a. reuptake
b. diffusion
c. metabolic transformation(MONT and COMPT)
Alpha 1
- Smooth muscle contraction
a. target to reduce BP - Pupil Contract
b. target to dilate
Alpha 2
Inhibit neurotransmitter release-so drugs that don’t target alpha 2 are good
Beta 1
1.Stimulates rate and force of contraction in the heart
- Make Renin
a. target to reduce BP
Beta 2
- Smooth muscle relation
a. agonist for asthma and agonist to stall premature labor - Somatic motor nerve terminal-stimulate neurotransmitter release
a. Asthma medication can cause tremors
Dopamine 1
- Smooth muscle that lines blood vessels that perfuses kidney and splanchnic organs relaxes
- can use dopamine in shock to activate adrenergic receptors and cause constriction but also protect blood flow to these vascular beds
What are alpha adrenergic receptors Positively coupled to?
-PLC via Gq alpha protein of the heterotrimeric G protein family to increase IP3/DAG
