Assessment of the Genitourinary System

Question 1

The urinary system consists of the

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Question 2

form urine to remove waste from the body; maintain acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte balance; and assist in blood pressure control

Answer 2

kidneys

Question 3

Each kidney contains roughly ___________________

Answer 3

one million nephrons

Question 4

Urination

Answer 4

Urine gathers in the collecting tubules and ducts of the
nephrons and eventually drains into the ureters, down into the
bladder and, when urination occurs, out through the urethra.

Question 5

The external genitalia, collectively called the

Answer 5

vulva

Question 6

he external genitalia, collectively called the vulva, include the

Answer 6

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal orifice, urethra, and Skene’s and Bartholin’s glands

Question 7

The internal genitalia include the

Answer 7

vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

Question 8

The male reproductive system includes the

Answer 8

penis, scrotum, testes, epididymides, urethra, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland

Question 9

A dull sound signals __________________

Answer 9

retained urine

Question 10

It should be a pink, irregular, slitlike opening at the midline,
just above the vagina.

Answer 10

urethral meatus

Question 11

Types of specula

Answer 11

Pederson
Graves’
Plastic

Question 12

■ Has narrow blades
■ Used if the patient has an intact hymen, has never given birth
through the vaginal canal, or has a contracted introitus from
menopause

Answer 12

Pederson

Question 13

Most commonly used

Answer 13

Graves’

Question 14

■ Disposable
■ For one-time use only

Answer 14

Plastic

Question 15

woman who hasn’t given birth vaginally

Answer 15

nulliparous

Question 16

woman who has given birth vaginally

Answer 16

parous

Question 17

The os is ________________ in a woman who hasn’t given birth vaginally (nulliparous) and a _______________ in a woman
who has (parous)

Answer 17

circular; horizontal slit

Question 18

may indicate cysts, hydro nephrosis, or tumors.

Answer 18

Kidney enlargement

Question 19

is an increased incidence of the urge to urinate

Answer 19

Urinary frequency

Question 20

It may be caused by bladder calculi, urinary tract
infections (UTIs), and urethral stricture.

Answer 20

Urinary frequency

Question 21

In men, it may be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer, which can put pressure on the bladder.

Answer 21

Urinary frequency

Question 22

Presence of blood in the urine

Answer 22

Hematuria

Question 23

may indicate UTI, renal calculi, bladder cancer, or trauma to the urinary mucosa. It may also be a temporary condition after urinary tract surgery or urinary catheterization.

Answer 23

Hematuria

Question 24

Excessive urination at night

Answer 24

Nocturia

Question 25

is a common sign of renal or lower urinary tract disorders. It can result from endocrine or metabolic disorders or prostate cancer. It can also be an adverse effect of diuretics.

Answer 25

Nocturia

Question 26

may be transient or permanent. The amount of urine released may be small or large. Possible causes include stress incontinence, tumor, bladder cancer and calculi, and neurologic conditions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury

Answer 26

Urinary incontinence

Question 27

causes a red, painless, eroding lesion with a raised, indurated border. The lesion usually appears inside the vagina but may also appear on the external genitalia

Answer 27

Syphilitic chancre

Question 28

usually results from an overgrowth of infectious organisms. It causes redness, itching, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), dysuria, and a malodorous discharge.

Answer 28

Vaginitis

Question 29

occurs with bacterial vaginosis, Candida albicans infection (a fungal infection), trichomoniasis, and mucopurulent cervicitis

Answer 29

Vaginitis

Question 30

Produces thin, grayish white discharge with fishy odor

Answer 30

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 31

Produces thick, white, curdlike discharge with a yeastlike odor

Answer 31

Candida albicans infection

Question 32

Appears in patches on the cervix and vaginal walls

Answer 32

Candida albicans infection

Question 33

■ Produces purulent yellow discharge from the cervical os ■ Occurs with chlamydia and gonorrhea

Answer 33

Mucopurulent cervicitis

Question 34

May produce a malodorous yellow or green, frothy or watery, foul-smelling discharge

Answer 34

Trichomoniasis

Question 35

May also involve red papules on the cervix and vaginal walls, giving the tissue a “strawberry” appearance

Answer 35

Trichomoniasis

Question 36

a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus, produce painless warts on the vulva, vagina, cervix, or anus.

Answer 36

Genital warts

Question 37

start as tiny red or pink swellings that grow and develop stemlike structures. Multiple swellings with a cauliflower appearance are common.

Answer 37

Warts

Question 38

produces multiple, shallow vesicles, lesions, or crusts inside the vagina, on the external genitalia, on the buttocks and, sometimes, on the thighs.

Answer 38

Genital herpes

Question 39

occurs when the anterior vaginal wall and bladder prolapse into the vagina

Answer 39

cystocele

Question 40

are bright red, soft, and fragile. They’re typically benign, but they may bleed. They usually arise from the endocervical canal.

Answer 40

Cervical polyps

Question 41

you may detect hard, granular, friable lesions—signs of late-stage cervical cancer. In the early stages of cervical cancer, the cervix looks normal.

Answer 41

Cervical cancer

Question 42

is herniation of the rectum through the posterior vaginal wall. On examination, you’ll see a pouch or bulging on the posterior wall as the patient bears down.

Answer 42

Rectocele

Question 43

causes a painless, ulcerative lesion on the glans or prepuce (foreskin), possibly accompanied by discharge

Answer 43

Penile cancer

Question 44

causes a painful, reddened group of small vesicles or blisters on the prepuce, shaft, or glans. Lesions eventually disappear but tend to recur.

Answer 44

Genital herpes

Question 45

A painless scrotal nodule that can’t be transilluminated may be a testicular tumor, which could be benign or cancerous. The tumor can grow, enlarging the testis.

Answer 45

Testicular tumor

Question 46

are flesh-colored, soft, moist papillary growths that occur singly or in cauliflower-like clusters. They may be barely visible or several inches in diameter

Answer 46

Genital warts

Question 47

causes a hard, round papule on the penis. When palpated, this syphilitic chancre may feel like a button. Eventually, the papule erodes into an ulcer. You may also note swollen lymph nodes in the inguinal area

Answer 47

Syphilis

Question 48

A smooth, firm, symmetrical enlargement of the prostate gland indicates benign prostatic hyperplasia, which typically starts

Answer 48

after age 50

Question 49

the prostate gland is firm, warm, and extremely tender and swollen. Because bacterial infection causes the condition, the patient usually has a fever.

Answer 49

acute prostatitis

Question 50

Hard, irregular, fixed lesions that make the prostate feel asymmetrical suggest prostate cancer. Palpation may be painful. This condition also causes urinary dysfunction. Back and leg pain may occur with bone metastases in advanced stages.

Answer 50

Prostate gland lesions

Question 51

is the protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall. It may be direct or indirect, inguinal or femoral.

Answer 51

Hernia

Question 52

emerges from behind the external inguinal ring and protrudes through it. This type of hernia seldom descends into the scrotum and usually affects men older than age 40.

Answer 52

direct inguinal hernia

Question 53

A direct inguinal hernia emerges from behind the external inguinal ring and protrudes through it. This type of hernia seldom descends into the scrotum and usually affects men __________________

Answer 53

older than age 40

Question 54

is the most common type of hernia; it occurs in men of all ages. It can be palpated in the internal inguinal canal with its tip in or beyond the canal, or the hernia may descend into the scrotum.

Answer 54

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 55

Uncommon in men, a _______________ feels like a soft tumor below the inguinal ligament in the femoral area. It may be difficult to distinguish from a lymph node.

Answer 55

femoral hernia