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Health Assessment - Lecture > Assessment of the Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Assessment of the Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system consists of the

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

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2
Q

form urine to remove waste from the body; maintain acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte balance; and assist in blood pressure control

A

kidneys

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3
Q

Each kidney contains roughly ___________________

A

one million nephrons

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4
Q

Urination

A

Urine gathers in the collecting tubules and ducts of the
nephrons and eventually drains into the ureters, down into the
bladder and, when urination occurs, out through the urethra.

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5
Q

The external genitalia, collectively called the

A

vulva

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6
Q

he external genitalia, collectively called the vulva, include the

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal orifice, urethra, and Skene’s and Bartholin’s glands

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7
Q

The internal genitalia include the

A

vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

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8
Q

The male reproductive system includes the

A

penis, scrotum, testes, epididymides, urethra, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland

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9
Q

A dull sound signals __________________

A

retained urine

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10
Q

It should be a pink, irregular, slitlike opening at the midline,
just above the vagina.

A

urethral meatus

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11
Q

Types of specula

A

Pederson
Graves’
Plastic

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12
Q

■ Has narrow blades
■ Used if the patient has an intact hymen, has never given birth
through the vaginal canal, or has a contracted introitus from
menopause

A

Pederson

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13
Q

Most commonly used

A

Graves’

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14
Q

■ Disposable
■ For one-time use only

A

Plastic

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15
Q

woman who hasn’t given birth vaginally

A

nulliparous

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16
Q

woman who has given birth vaginally

A

parous

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17
Q

The os is ________________ in a woman who hasn’t given birth vaginally (nulliparous) and a _______________ in a woman
who has (parous)

A

circular; horizontal slit

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18
Q

may indicate cysts, hydro nephrosis, or tumors.

A

Kidney enlargement

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19
Q

is an increased incidence of the urge to urinate

A

Urinary frequency

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20
Q

It may be caused by bladder calculi, urinary tract
infections (UTIs), and urethral stricture.

A

Urinary frequency

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21
Q

In men, it may be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer, which can put pressure on the bladder.

A

Urinary frequency

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22
Q

Presence of blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

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23
Q

may indicate UTI, renal calculi, bladder cancer, or trauma to the urinary mucosa. It may also be a temporary condition after urinary tract surgery or urinary catheterization.

A

Hematuria

24
Q

Excessive urination at night

A

Nocturia

25
Q

is a common sign of renal or lower urinary tract disorders. It can result from endocrine or metabolic disorders or prostate cancer. It can also be an adverse effect of diuretics.

A

Nocturia

26
Q

may be transient or permanent. The amount of urine released
may be small or large. Possible causes include stress incontinence, tumor, bladder cancer and calculi, and neurologic
conditions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury

A

Urinary incontinence

27
Q

causes a red, painless, eroding lesion with a raised, indurated border. The lesion usually appears inside the vagina but may also appear on the external genitalia

A

Syphilitic chancre

28
Q

usually results from an overgrowth of infectious organisms. It causes redness, itching, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), dysuria, and a malodorous discharge.

A

Vaginitis

29
Q

occurs with bacterial vaginosis, Candida albicans infection
(a fungal infection), trichomoniasis, and mucopurulent cervicitis

A

Vaginitis

30
Q

Produces thin, grayish white discharge with fishy odor

A

Bacterial vaginosis

31
Q

Produces thick, white, curdlike discharge with a
yeastlike odor

A

Candida albicans infection

32
Q

Appears in patches on the cervix and vaginal walls

A

Candida albicans infection

33
Q

■ Produces purulent yellow discharge from the cervical os
■ Occurs with chlamydia and gonorrhea

A

Mucopurulent cervicitis

34
Q

May produce a malodorous yellow or green, frothy
or watery, foul-smelling discharge

A

Trichomoniasis

35
Q

May also involve red papules on the cervix and vaginal walls, giving the tissue a “strawberry” appearance

A

Trichomoniasis

36
Q

a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus, produce painless warts on the vulva,
vagina, cervix, or anus.

A

Genital warts

37
Q

start as tiny red or pink swellings that grow and develop stemlike structures. Multiple swellings with a cauliflower appearance are common.

A

Warts

38
Q

produces multiple, shallow vesicles, lesions, or crusts inside
the vagina, on the external genitalia, on the buttocks and, sometimes, on the thighs.

A

Genital herpes

39
Q

occurs when the anterior vaginal wall and bladder prolapse into the vagina

A

cystocele

40
Q

are bright red, soft, and fragile. They’re typically benign, but they may bleed. They usually arise from the endocervical canal.

A

Cervical polyps

41
Q

you may detect hard, granular, friable lesions—signs of late-stage cervical cancer. In the early stages of cervical
cancer, the cervix looks normal.

A

Cervical cancer

42
Q

is herniation of the rectum through the posterior vaginal wall. On examination, you’ll see a pouch or bulging on the posterior wall as the patient bears down.

A

Rectocele

43
Q

causes a painless, ulcerative lesion on the glans or prepuce (foreskin), possibly accompanied by discharge

A

Penile cancer

44
Q

causes a painful, reddened group of small vesicles or blisters on the prepuce, shaft, or glans. Lesions eventually disappear
but tend to recur.

A

Genital herpes

45
Q

A painless scrotal nodule that can’t be transilluminated may be a testicular tumor, which could be benign or cancerous. The tumor can grow, enlarging the testis.

A

Testicular tumor

46
Q

are flesh-colored, soft, moist papillary growths that occur singly or in cauliflower-like clusters. They may be barely visible or several inches in diameter

A

Genital warts

47
Q

causes a hard, round papule on the penis. When palpated, this
syphilitic chancre may feel like a button. Eventually, the papule erodes into an ulcer. You may also note swollen
lymph nodes in the inguinal area

A

Syphilis

48
Q

A smooth, firm, symmetrical enlargement of the prostate gland indicates benign prostatic hyperplasia, which typically starts

A

after age 50

49
Q

the prostate gland is firm, warm, and extremely tender and swollen. Because bacterial infection causes the condition, the patient usually has a fever.

A

acute prostatitis

50
Q

Hard, irregular, fixed lesions that make the prostate feel asymmetrical suggest prostate cancer. Palpation may be painful. This condition also causes urinary dysfunction.
Back and leg pain may occur with bone metastases in advanced stages.

A

Prostate gland lesions

51
Q

is the protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening
in the muscle wall. It may be direct or indirect, inguinal or femoral.

A

Hernia

52
Q

emerges from behind the external inguinal ring and protrudes through it. This type of hernia seldom descends into the scrotum and usually affects men older than age 40.

A

direct inguinal hernia

53
Q

A direct inguinal hernia emerges from behind the external inguinal ring and protrudes through it. This type of hernia seldom descends into the scrotum and usually affects men __________________

A

older than age 40

54
Q

is the most common type of hernia; it occurs in men of all ages. It can be palpated in the internal inguinal canal with its tip in or beyond the canal, or the hernia may descend into the scrotum.

A

indirect inguinal hernia

55
Q

Uncommon in men, a _______________ feels like a soft tumor below the inguinal ligament in the femoral area. It may be difficult to distinguish from a lymph node.

A

femoral hernia

Health Assessment - Lecture (17 decks)

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