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Health Assessment - Lecture > Assessment of Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular System > Flashcards

Assessment of Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Complete examination of the cardiovascular system consists of _____________________________________________ to evaluate functioning of the heart and vessels.

A

history taking, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation

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2
Q

is defined as the succession of coordinated events taking place in the heart during each beat

A

Cardiac Cycle

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3
Q

Each heart beat consists of two parts:

A

SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE

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4
Q

Ventricular contraction

A

SYSTOLE

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5
Q

Ventricular relaxation

A

DIASTOLE

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6
Q

is the volume of blood pumped out of the heart during each Systolic Cardiac contraction

A

Stroke Volume

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7
Q

is the speed of heartbeat measured by the number of contractions (beats) of heart per minute (bpm)

A

Heart Rate

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8
Q

is the amount of blood the heart pumps (SV) through the circulatory system in a minute (HR)

A

Cardiac Output

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9
Q

Cardiac Output formula

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output

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10
Q

Borders of the Heart

A

Upper Border
Right Border
Lower Border
Left Border

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11
Q
  • is formed by the 2 atria
A

Upper Border

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12
Q

it is conceled by ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Upper Border

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13
Q

is formed by right atrium

A

Right Border

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14
Q

is formed mainly by right ventricle + apical part of left ventricle

A

Lower Border

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15
Q

is formed mainly by left ventricle + left auricle

A

Left Border

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16
Q

Four (4) Heart Sounds

A

S1. S2, S3, S4

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17
Q

Marks the beginning of systole (end of diastole)

A

First heart sound: S1

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18
Q

It resembles to spoken word “Lub”

A

First heart sound: S1

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19
Q

Loudest at the apex and lower left sternal border

A

First heart sound: S1

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20
Q

S1 is loudest at?

A

at the apex and lower left sternal border

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21
Q

Marks the end of systole (beginning of diastole)

A

Second heart sound: S2

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22
Q

It resembles to spoken word “Dub”

A

Second heart sound: S2

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23
Q

Loudest at the base

A

S2

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24
Q

S2 is loudest at?

A

at the base

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25
Q

Heard in early diastole

A

Third heart sound: S3

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26
Q

This may be a normal sound in some people but in people with heart conditions may indicate heart failure.

A

Third heart sound: S3

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27
Q

S3 may be a normal sound in some people but in people with heart conditions may indicate

A

heart failure

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28
Q

Low-intensity sound heard just before S1 in the cardiac cycle

A

Fourth heart sound: S4

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29
Q

The sudden slowing of blood flow by the ventricle as the atrium contracts causes this sound.

A

Fourth heart sound: S4

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30
Q

S4 is caused by

A

sudden slowing of blood flow by the ventricle as the atrium contracts

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31
Q

May be a sign of heart disease.

A

Fourth heart sound: S4

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32
Q

S4 heart sound may be a

A

sign of heart disease

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33
Q

Calculating pack-years of smoking

A

number of cigarettes smoked per day x number of years smoking / 20

34
Q

Equipment

A

▪ Watch with second hand
▪ Centimeter ruler (two)
▪ Stethoscope
▪ Penlight

35
Q

Assessment techniques

A

▪ Inspection
▪ Palpation
▪ Auscultation

36
Q

Physical examination

A

▪ General survey
▪ General appearance
▪ Vital signs
▪ Height and weight

37
Q

place patient supine in bed and gradually raise the head of the bed 30, 45, 60, 90 degrees. using tangential lighting , note the highest level of venous pulsation. measure the vertical distance between this point and the sternal angle. record this distance in centimeters and the angle of the head of the bed

A

assessment of jugular venous pressure

38
Q

how to tell JVP from carotid pulse

A

Palpation
Occlusion
Location
Inspiration
Contour
Erection/Position

39
Q

is created by turbulence of blood flow due either to a narrowed arterial lumen

A

bruit

40
Q

is a vibrating sensation like the purring of a cat orwater running through a hose.

A

thrill

41
Q

▪ Auscultating the precordium
▪ Location

A

✓ Apex
✓ Mitral
✓ Tricuspid
✓ Erb’s point
✓ Base
✓ Murmurs

42
Q

is a whooshing, humming or rasping sound between the heartbeat sounds.

A

heart murmur

43
Q

This is caused by noisy blood flow within the heart. Blood can flow abnormally through the heart for many reasons,
including defective valves, congenital heart disorders and anemia

A

heart murmur

44
Q

upper extremity pulses

A

✓ Brachial pulse
✓ Radial pulse
✓ Ulnar pulse

45
Q

Lower extremity pulses

A

✓ Femoral pulse
✓ Popliteal pulse
✓ Dorsalis pedis
✓ Posterior tibialis

46
Q

Lightly place your fingers just lateral to the trachea and below the jaw angle. Never palpate both carotid
arteries at the same time.

A

Carotid pulse

47
Q

Position your fingers medial to the biceps tendon

A

Brachial pulse

48
Q

Apply gentle pressure to the medial and ventral side of the wrist, just below the base of the thumb.

A

Radial pulse

49
Q

Press relatively hard at a point inferior to the inguinal ligament. For an obese patient, palpate in the crease of the groin, halfway between the pubic bone and the hip bone.

A

Femoral pulse

50
Q

Press firmly in the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee.

A

Popliteal pulse

51
Q

Apply pressure behind and slightly below the malleolus of the ankle.

A

Posterior tibial pulse

52
Q

Place your fingers on the medial dorsum of the foot while the patient points his toes down. The pulse is difficult to palpate here and may seem to be absent in healthy patients

A

Dorsalis pedis pulse

53
Q

Palpating calf circumference

A

Homans’ testAdditional test to assess peripheralvascular flow:

54
Q

Additional test to assess peripheralvascular flow:

A

❑ Allen test
❑ Ankle-brachial index
❑ Manual compression test
❑ Trendelenburg test

55
Q

is a first-line standard test used to assess the arterial blood supply of the hand.

A

Allen test

56
Q

This test is performed whenever intravascular access to the radial artery is planned or for selecting patients for radial artery harvesting, such as for coronary artery bypass grafting or for forearm flap elevation.

A

Allen test

57
Q

is a simple test that compares the blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs

A

ankle brachial index, or ABI

58
Q

is performing manual compression to assess competence of venous valves in clients with varicose veins

A

Manual compression test

59
Q

Health care providers calculate ABI by

A

dividing the blood
pressure in an artery of the ankle by the blood pressure
in an artery of the arm. The result is the ABI.

60
Q

is a useful procedure for detecting hip-joint dysfunction.

A

unilateral leg stand or Trendelenburg test

61
Q

is identified when the patient is unable to maintain the pelvis horizontal to the floor while standing first on one foot and then on the other foot.

A

positive Trendelenburg sign

62
Q

A positive Trendelenburg sign usually indicates weakness
in the hip abductor muscles:

A

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

63
Q

Very faint, may only be heard by an expert, not heard in all positions, no thrill

A

Grade I

64
Q

Soft, heard in all positions, no thrill

A

Grade Il

65
Q

Moderately loud, no thrill

A

Grade Ill

66
Q

Loud and associated with a palpable thrill Very loud, with thrill, heard with the stethoscope partly off the ches

A

Grade IV

67
Q

Loudest, with thrill, heard with the stethoscope entirely off the chest (just above the precordium, not touching the skin)

A

Grade V

68
Q

Normal lower extremity blood flow

A

> 0.90 (with a range of 0.90 to 1.30)

69
Q

Mid PAD

A

<0.89 to >0.60

70
Q

Moderate PAD

A

<0.59 to >0.40

71
Q

Severe PAD

A

<0.39

72
Q

Performing cardiovascular assessment

A

▪ Inspecting the carotid artery and jugular vein
▪ Measuring jugular venous pressure
▪ Inspecting the precordium
▪ Palpating the neck
▪ Palpating the carotid (assessing rate, rhythm,
amplitude, contour, symmetry, elasticity)
▪ Palpating the jugulars
▪ Auscultating the vascular structures of the neck
▪ Auscultating the precordium

73
Q

2nd ICS

A

Aortic
Pulmonic

74
Q

3rd ICS

A

Erb’s Point

75
Q

4th or 5th ICS

A

Tricuspid

76
Q

5th ICS

A

Mitral/Apex

77
Q

ABI

A

BP in an artery of ankle/BP in an artery of arm

78
Q

Manual compression test is performing manual
compression to assess competence of venous valves in
clients with

A

varicose veins

79
Q

The unilateral leg stand or Trendelenburg test is a useful
procedure for detecting

A

hip-joint dysfunction

80
Q

Bilateral measurements above ________________ (1.2 to
1.6 in.) are considered elevated (may indicate
________________________)

A

3 to 4 cm; right-sided heart failure

81
Q

may be caused by local obstruction

A

Unilateral distention

Health Assessment - Lecture (17 decks)

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