Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment - Lecture > Assessing the Integumentary System > Flashcards

Assessing the Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Heaviest single organ of the body

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin is _____ of body weight

A

16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin Includes appendages such as

A

hair follicles and sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three layers of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of the Skin

A
  • Protect underlying structures from physical trauma and UV radiation
  • Essential in maintaining body temperature, fluid and sensation
  • Involved in absorption and excretion, immunity, and synthesis of vitamin D from the sun
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Outer visible layer
  • Avascular
  • Contains keratin
A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dermis is made up of

A

proteins and mucopolysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dermis contains

A

nerve tissues, blood vessels, sweat and sebum glands, and hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Made up of fatty connective tissue

A

Subcutaneous Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Made up of keratinized cellsh

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grows from hair follicles supplied by blood vessels

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of Hair

A

Vellus and Terminal hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Hair

A

Provides protection by covering the scalp and filtering dust and debris away from the nose, ears, and eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Short, pale, and fine hair

A

Vellus hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Dark and coarse
    scalp, brows, legs, axillae and perineum
A

Terminal hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Terminal hair can be found on the

A

scalp, brows, legs, axillae and perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Made up of hard, keratinized cells and grow from a nail root under the cuticle

A

Nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of Nails

A

Protect the distal ends of the fingers and toes and aid in picking up objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Other structures of the nail

A

free edge, nailbed, lunula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vascular supply of nails is on the ___________; gives the nail
a pink color

A

nailbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fingernails grow approximately __________ daily

A

0.1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

produce fatty substance secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles and lubricates the hair shaft

A

Sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • Widely distributed, open directly onto the skin surface
  • Help control body temperature
A

Eccrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • Open into hair follicles
  • Responsible for adult body odor due to bacterial decomposition
A

Apocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Axillary glands can be found on

A

Axillary and genital regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If respiration is impaired, alterations is the skin are most often evident through the development of

A

cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin, as hemoglobin becomes unsaturated with oxygen

A

CYANOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin, as _____________________________________________________

A

hemoglobin becomes unsaturated with oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Occurs when O2 saturation is <80% and results in diffuse changes in the skin and mucous membranes

A

Central Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Occurs in response to decreased cardiac output

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Peripheral Cyanosis is evident in areas of the body such
as the

A

nail beds and lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

May also be evident when an individual is chilled

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Loss of the normal angle between the nail and nail bed owing to bulbous swelling of the soft tissue of the terminal phalanx of a digit due severe and chronic cardiopulmonary diseases

A

Nail Clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Alterations in the cardiovascular system can lead to

A

circulatory impairment and changes in skin color and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is responsible for the conversion of food to absorbable nutrients and elimination of wastes

A

Gastrointestinal System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

With GI disorders, the body’s ability to excrete toxins is ________________and _______________________ may become
evident in the skin

A

impaired; accumulation of toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Yellowish discoloration of the skin due to bile build-up secondary to impaired bile secretion

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lipid deposits in the skin due to altered lipid metabolism

A

Xanthomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

abnormally dry, scaly skin or membranes

A

Xerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

hyperkeratosis of the skin manifested by red-brown follicular papules that are approximately 2-6mm in diameter, with a central keratotic spinous plug

A

Phrynoderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

chapping and fissuring of the lips

A

Cheilosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

sore, red tongue

A

Glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Xerosis and Phrynoderma is caused by

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Cheilosis and Glossitis is caused by

A

Riboflavin Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Capillary fragility resulting in _____________________________ in the skin and _______________________ in the nails

A

purpura, petechiae, and ecchymosis; splinter hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Corkscrew hair and Alopecia caused by

A

Vitamin C Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

spoonlike convexity of the nails

A

Koilonychia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Other Skin Manifestations – Iron Deficiency

A
  • longitudinal ridges on the nails
  • Koilonychia
  • Thinning of hair
  • Palmar crease pallor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

loss of pink color in the palmar creases on the full open palms

A

Palmar crease pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Other Skin Manifestations – Protein Deficiency

A
  • Flag sign
  • Enamel paint skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

alternating horizontal bands of hypopigmentation of the hair

A

Flag sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

dark, dry skin that splits open when stretched, revealing pale areas between the cracks

A

Enamel paint skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Responsible for filtering the blood, production of red blood cells, and regulation of electrolyte and fluid status

A

The Urinary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Alteration in the renal function may lead to _____________________________

A

toxin and fluid build-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Tiny, yellow-white urea crystals deposits on the skin resulting in a frosted appearance as sweat evaporates

A

Uremic frost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Impaired renal function may result in fluid retention as manifested by

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Autonomic nerve fibers permit sensations of touch, temperature, pressure, vibrations, and pain, control the skin’s blood vessels and glands, regulating the skin’s temperature, moisture, and oiliness

A

Neurological System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q
  • The skin is often dry and cool and becomes puffy, with nonpitting edema.
  • It may develop a yellow hue as carotene accumulates
  • The hair becomes dull, brittle, and sparse
A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q
  • The skin is warmer, sweatier, and smoother than usual
  • The nails are thin and brittle and may separate from the nail plate
  • The hair is fine and silky, with patchy hair loss
A

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Thyroid Disease

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Adrenal Disease

A
  • Hypofunction (Addison’s Disease)
  • Hyperfunction (Cushing’s Syndrome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Bronze discoloration of the skin and alopecia

A

Hypofunction (Addison’s Disease)

64
Q

Violaceous striae, facial acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans

A

Hyperfunction (Cushing’s Syndrome)

65
Q

Involved in protecting the body from both external and endogenous factors

A

Lymphatic/Immune System

66
Q

Impairments in the immune system may result in typical ________________________

A

rashes or lesions

67
Q

Skin Manifestations due to impairments in the immune
system:

A
  • Hypersensitivity reaction
  • Psoriasis
  • Butterfly rash in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
68
Q

GROWTHS

A
  • Ask if the patient is concerned about any new growths or rashes
  • If the patient reports a new growth, pursue the patient’s
    personal and family history of skin cancer.
69
Q

If the patient reports a new growth, pursue the patient’s
personal and family history of ____________________.

A

skin cancer

70
Q

Note the __________________________________ of any past skin cancer and ask about _____________________________________________

A

type, location, and date; regular self-skin examination and use of sunscreen

71
Q

the most important symptom when assessing rashes

A

itching

72
Q

frontal hairline regression and thinning on the posterior vertex

A

Male pattern hair loss

73
Q

thinning that spreads from the crown down without hairline regression

A

Female pattern hair loss

74
Q

temporary hair loss due to the excessive shedding of resting or telogen hair several months after a person experiences a traumatic event or stress

A

Telogen effluvium

75
Q

an autoimmune disorder that results in unpredictable, patchy hair loss

A

Alopecia areata

76
Q

fungal infection of the scalp that causes itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head

A

Tinea capitis

77
Q

a superficial infection of the proximal and lateral nail folds adjacent to the nail plate that arises from local trauma due to nail biting, manicuring or frequent immersion in water

A

Paronychia

78
Q

a bulbous swelling of the soft tissue at the nail base, with the loss of the normal angle between the nail and the proximal nail fold. Seen in congenital heart disease, interstitial lung disease and lung cancer

A

Nail clubbing

79
Q

depression of the central nail with a “Christmas tree” appearance from small horizontal depressions, resulting from repetitive trauma from rubbing the index finger over the thumb or vice versa

A

Habit Tic deformity

80
Q

increased pigmentation in the nail matrix, leading to a streak as the nail grows out

A

Melanonychia

81
Q

painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the pinker translucent nail bed which may be caused by trauma from excess manicuring, psoriasis, fungal infection, and allergic reactions to nail cosmetics.

A

Onycholysis

82
Q

a fungal infection of the nails that cause discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed

A

Onychomycosis

83
Q

nail plate turns white with a ground-glass appearance, a distal band of reddish brown, and obliteration of the lunula. Seen in liver disease, heart failure, and diabetes.

A

Terry nails

84
Q

transverse depressions of the nail plates, usually bilateral, resulting from temporary disruption of the proximal nail growth from systemic illness

A

Beau’s lines

85
Q

punctuate depressions of the nail plate caused by defective layering of the superficial nail plate by the proximal nail matrix. Usually associated with psoriasis

A

Pitting

86
Q

Seen in arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia

A

Pallor

87
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin, nailbeds, and mucosa

A

Cyanosis

88
Q

Yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucosa

A

Jaundice

89
Q

Roughening and darkening of skin in localized areas especially the posterior neck

A

Acanthosis nigricans

90
Q

skin redness and warmth

A

Erythema

91
Q

arise from normal skin due to irritation or disease

A

Primary lesions

92
Q

arise from changes in primary lesions

A

Secondary lesions

93
Q

reddishbluish lesions, are seen with bleeding, venous pressure, aging, liver disease, or pregnancy

A

Vascular lesions

94
Q

indicates fungal infection

A

Blue-green fluorescence

95
Q
  • small raised spot measuring <1cm
A

Papule

96
Q

small flat spot measuring <1cm

A

Macules

97
Q

larger flat spot measuring >1cm

A

Patches

98
Q

larger raised spot measuring >1cm

A

Plaque

99
Q

raised, fluid-filled, and small lesion measuring <1cm

A

Vesicle

100
Q

raised, fluid-filled, and large lesion measuring >1cm

A

Bulla

101
Q

small, palpable collection of neutrophils or keratin that appears white

A

Pustules

102
Q

inflamed hair follicle; multiple ________________ together form a carbuncle

A

Furuncle

103
Q

multiple furuncles together form a

A

carbuncle

104
Q

larger and deeper than a papule

A

Nodule

105
Q

encapsulated collections of fluid or semisolid

A

Subcutaneous mass/cyst

106
Q

area of localized dermal edema that evanesces within a period of 1-2 days

A

Wheal

107
Q

small, linear or serpiginous pathways in the epidermis created by the scabies mite

A

Burrow

108
Q

loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis

A

Erosion

109
Q

skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue

A

Scar (Cicatrix)

110
Q

skin loss extending past epidermis with necrotic tissue loss

A

ulcer

111
Q

linear crack in the skin that may extend to the dermis and may be painful

A

fissure

112
Q

round red or purple macule that is 1-2mm in size. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin

A

Petechia

113
Q

round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than a petechial lesion

A

Ecchymosis

114
Q

a localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis

A

Hematoma

115
Q

papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. Normal age-related skin alteration

A

Cherry angioma

116
Q

red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. Associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and
vitamin B deficiency

A

Spider angioma

117
Q

bluish or red lesion with varying shape found on the legs and anterior chest. Associated with varicosities

A

Telangiectasis (Venous star)

118
Q

Increased moisture or diaphoresis may occur in conditions such as

A

fever or hyperthyroidism

119
Q

Decreased moisture occurs with

A

dehydration or hypothyroidism

120
Q

Clammy skin is typical in

A

shock or hypotension

121
Q

Cold skin may accompany

A

shock or hypotension

122
Q

Cool skin may accompany

A

arterial disease

123
Q

Very warm skin may indicate a

A

febrile state or hyperthyroidism

124
Q

refers to how easily the skin can be pinched

A

Mobility

125
Q

refers to the skin’s elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its original shape after being pinched

A

Turgor

126
Q
  • Associated with lymphedema
  • Usually bilateral
  • No skin ulceration or pigmentation
A

Non-pitting edema

127
Q

Caused by abnormal or blocked lymph vessels

A

Non-pitting edema

128
Q
  • Associated with chronic venous insufficiency
  • Usually unilateral
  • Skin ulceration and pigmentation may be present
A

Pitting edema

129
Q

Severe malnutrition may cause a

A

copper-redhair color

130
Q

Excessive scaliness may indicate

A

dermatitis

131
Q

Dull, dry hair may be seen with

A

hypothyroidism and malnutrition

132
Q

Pustules with hair loss in patches are seen in __________________, a contagious fungal disease

A

tinea capitis

133
Q

may result from infections of the scalp, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and some types of chemotherapy

A

Patchy hair loss

134
Q

is a characteristic of Cushing’s disease and results from an imbalance of adrenal hormones or it may be a side effect of steroids

A

Hirsutism

135
Q

facial hair on females

A

Hirsutism

136
Q

Pale or cyanotic nails may indicate

A

hypoxia or anemia

137
Q

may be caused by trauma.

A

Splinter hemorrhages

138
Q

occur after acute illness and eventually grow out

A

Beau’s lines

139
Q

Yellow discoloration may be seen in

A

fungal infections or psoriasis

140
Q

also common in psoriasis

A

Nail pitting

141
Q

Thickened nails (especially toenails) may be caused by
decreased circulation, and is also seen in

A

onychomycosis

142
Q

the most common causes of diffuse hair thinning are

A

male and female pattern baldness

143
Q

Hair shedding at the roots is common in

A

telogen effluvium and alopecia areata

144
Q

Presence of a reddened area that fails to blanch with pressure and changes in temperature, consistency, sensation or color

A

Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer

145
Q

The skin forms a blister or sore.

A

Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer

146
Q

Partial-thickness skin loss or ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis or both

A

Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer

147
Q

A crater appears in the skin, with full-thickness skin loss and damge to or necrosis of subcutaneous issue that may extend to, but not through underlying muscle

A

Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer

148
Q

There is full-thickness skin loss, with destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to underlying muscle, bone and sometimes tendons and joints

A

Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer

149
Q

Rough, flaky, dry skin is seen in

A

hypothyroidism

150
Q

Decreased mobility is seen with

A

edema

151
Q

Decreased turgor is seen in

A

dehydration

152
Q

TYPES OF PERIPHERAL EDEMA

A

Non-pitting edema
pitting edema

153
Q

Difference between non-pitting and pitting edema

A

Non-pitting edema
- Associated with lymphedema
* Caused by abnormal or blocked lymph vessels
* Usually bilateral
* No skin ulceration or pigmentation

Pitting edema
- Associated with chronic venous insufficiency
- Usually unilateral
- Skin ulceration and pigmentation may be present

154
Q

There is normally a ___________________________ between the nail base
and the skin

A

160-degree angle

155
Q

180-degree angle with spongy sensation

A

Early clubbing

156
Q

greater than 180-degree angle

A

late clubbing

157
Q

Spoon nails (concave) may be present with

A

iron deficiency anemia

Health Assessment - Lecture (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions