Assessment

Question 1

5 Basic questions

Answer 1

1. Recognition ‘ level of problem
2. Explanation why do the problems (continue to) exist
3. Prediction ; How will problems develop in future
4. Indication ; How can problems be resolved
5. Evaluation ; have problems been adequately resolved by treatment

Question 2

Biases in clinicians

Answer 2

Stereotyping ; can go both ways, might also impact performance on teste
(un)availability
Premature closure ; comorbid classifications are missed. Stop after 1 classification
Illusory correlation ; like house person tree test, not always reliable/valid.
Confirmation bias, tendency to search for info in a way that strengthens belief.
Excessive data collection bias ; large unfocused data collection leads to false +
Selfreport/response bias ; created by respondent due to social desirability, perception etc.

Question 3

Reducing bias

Answer 3

in advance draw up multiple hypotheses, conceptually sound, converted to empirically supported testable predictions. Take both verification and falsification into account.
Apply reliable and valid instruments in a focused manner, consider a multimethod approach and examine all hypotheses.
Base conclusions on testable predictions. Look at patterns and discrepancies and weigh the empirical support of your findings appropriately. Be honest about results vs interpretations.
Stay critical about reasoning and limitations of PA. Use retraining intervision and supervision.

Question 4

Empirical cycle

Answer 4

1. Observation Explore and first thoughts about creation and persistence of problem
2. Induction; formulation of theory and hypothesis
3. Deduction’ derivation of testable predictions from hypothesis
4. Testing ‘ application of relevant diagnostic measurement
5. Evaluation ‘ determination whether predictions are met.

Question 5

PA and empirical cycle works well for

Answer 5

Most recognition questions, based on criteria or norms
Evaluation using norms, reduction scores etc.
Indication using diagnosis treatment combi, flow chart etc.
Prediction using mechanical method; Statistical formula like mortality rate, predicting if he/she will commit a crime.