Assessment

Question 1

What where Britain’s main concerns?

Answer 1

Suez, troops and oil.

Question 2

Why was the suez so important?

Answer 2

Suez Canal significantly shortened the distance between euro powers and colonies.

Question 3

What did control over Palestine allow?

Answer 3

Control over the suez and the oil.

Question 4

Aims of Britain?

Answer 4

Control suez, control Persian gulf, control Palestine and limit french access.

Question 5

How did Britain try to achieve aims?

Answer 5

Afraid turkey would cut off oil so McMahon and hussein.

Sykes-picot- divided between France and Britain kept France away from Palestine but annoyed Arabs,

Question 6

To what extent did Britain achieve its aims?

Answer 6

French+ Arab leaders happy, Britain got what they wanted, Palestine. French control limited to Syria and Lebanon. Mandate over northern fields of Iraq

Question 7

To what extent did Britain achieve its aims? Long term

Answer 7

Tensions in east- french not entirely happy Arabs not given full independence lots of agreements with lots of ppl

Question 8

British policies in 20s

Answer 8

Allowed mass Jewish immigration after WW1 60,000 1919, 160,000 1929

Question 9

British policies in 30s

Answer 9

Britain had to deal with Jewish immigration and Arab tensions, Arab revolt 1936-39, responded with violence and allied with Jews.
Peel commission 1937, two states in Palestine rejected by Arabs by 1939 Britain tried to please Arabs fearful of nazi team up- so white paper Arabs and Jews living alongside.

Question 10

British aims

Answer 10

Balfour and McMahon promised gave Britain pain in the Middle East 
Britain had to:
Help Palestine achieve independent democracy
Improve lives of Palestine
Allow Jewish immigration. 
Britain also wanted to:
maintain interests- suez and oil.
Keep zionists and Arabs happy.

Question 11

British policies in the 40s

Answer 11

Britain preoccupied by war after war decided they’d use white paper following mass Terroism and depleted after ww2 Britain left.

Question 12

When were the Jewish revolts?

Answer 12

1921

Question 13

When was the Arab revolt?

Answer 13

1939

Question 14

White paper

Answer 14

1939

Question 15

To what extent did Britain contain Arabism?

Answer 15

Up to ww2- fairly effectively Arab rebellion put down

After ww2- situation getting worse for Arabs withdraw from Palestine 1948

Question 16

Jewish migration

Answer 16

After Arab Jewish riots in 1921 200 Jews and 120 Arabs died immediately cut migration

Question 17

Why did Britain try to appease the Arabs in 1939?

Answer 17

Bc of WW2 needed to stop Arab- nazi alliances and keep access to oil therefore a white paper was issued no Jewish immigration unless Jews and Arabs agree

Question 18

Why did Britain withdraw from Palestine in 1948?

Answer 18

Britain was actively stopping ships containing Jews impacting on America and Jewish military terroism irgun, haganah, stern increase arm resistance.
July 1946- king David hotel bombed 88 people killed
American zionists support Jews, and wasted money and resources.

Question 19

Terror acts against the brits?

Answer 19

A ship carrying 4500 Jewish refugees from Europe provoke widespread outrage
Two British soldiers were hung and pictures were published in British newspapers.
July 1946- king David hotel bombed 88 dead

Question 20

How did Britain manage tensions?

Answer 20

Political tensions remain high throughout period Arab religion, Jewish terrorism, no solution to Jew homeland handover responsibility.

Question 21

When did troops enter Palestine? And when was Britain given the mandate?

Answer 21

1917 1922

Question 22

How did the Arabs feel?

Answer 22

Exchanged ottomans for Britain frustrated and disappointed that they didn’t have independence angered by Jewish immigration, Arabs felt they were being driven out the area

Question 23

What were the Arab Jewish riots?

Answer 23

1921 violence in Jaffa led to arab attacks on Jews and their property after 2 days, 200 Jews and 120 Arabs were dead or wounded the British immediately stopped all Jewish migration

Question 24

Jerusalem violence

Answer 24

1929 in Jerusalem which had big tensions over who controlled the holy places in august riots broke out and Arab crowds attacked Jews, the attacks spread through Palestine and 133 Jews were killed over 4 days and 116 Arabs were killed mostly by British police.

Question 25

How many Jews by 1939

Answer 25

450,000

Question 26

Arab rebellion

Answer 26

1936-39 Arab higher committee called for a general strike by Arab workers and government officials and called for attacks on Jewish settlements and British forces. Strike was unsuccessful Arab workers were replaced by Jews and government officials lost their influence over policies. Fighting broke out in the countryside Arabs fought to be evicted by Jews armed Arab bands attacked Jewish settlements by mid summer Palestine was in a civil war cost thousands of lives British responded harshly hanged Arab leaders helped organise the haganah

Question 27

Partition plan

Answer 27

1937 lord peel suggested that cooperation between Jews and Arabs was impossible suggested 2 states

Question 28

White paper

Answer 28

1939- needed to keep Arabs on side for oil during ww2 so independent Palestine within 10 years and 10,000 Jews immigrants for the first 5 years after that no immigration without being agreed

Question 29

Zionists viewpoint

Answer 29

Left voluntarily- Jewish military action after November 1947 were largely defensive and defended jewish settlements and the roads linking them especially Jerusalem 2500 Jews living there because they were vulnerable and regularly cut off and ran on short supplies no one side was to blame for the fighting but it made Arabs leave. Thousands of Arabs followed the example of their leader and fled in the media and radios

Question 30

Revionist

Answer 30

Were expelled because the haganah and the Jewish agency turned a blind eye to the the operations carried out by Irgun and the stern gang but did reprimand for deir yassin massacre but the effect of it was to make more Palestinians leave and Jewish armed forces were determined to persuade as many Arabs to leave because they wanted a Jewish population Jewish loudspeakers broadcast the news of what happened at deir yassin the forces of Irgun and stern gang threw bombs into crowded Arab qu’âtres no evidence of Arab leaders calling for people to flee their homes.

Question 31

Civil war

Answer 31

A few days after the un voted for partition the Arab higher committee proclaimed a 3 day strike which led to outbreaks of violence against Jews but the Jewish were ready to respond in may 1947 fighting intensified first Jews acted defensively however they soon tried to gain Arab land. Palestinian Arabs had no organised military forces and their leaders were divided in contrast the Jews of Palestine were politically unified in March haganah came up with plan D take over any installations evacuated by the Britain’s and expel as many Palestrians as possible by feb 1948 Palestinian elite left Palestine in April 1948 Jewish forces began expel villages if refused to leave often forced onto lorries and driven to Jordan in Haifa where explosions went off nearly all the Arab population of 100k left.

Question 32

Deir yassin

Answer 32

April 1948 village of deir yassin was to be Arab land under the UN plan was the last village who’s civilians hadn’t fled on April 9th Irgun fighters led by menachem begin attacked the village and killed 245 people spread the news everywhere and terror built up among Arabs

Question 33

How many Arabs had fled by may 1948?

Answer 33

300,000