AS: Metallic Bonding

Question 1

What is delocalised and what is the product of this?

Answer 1

The OUTERMOST shell of ELECTRONS of a metal ATOM are DELOCALISED - electrons free to move about the metal
• leaves a + metal ION

Question 2

Metal elements exist as…

Answer 2

GIANT METALLIC LATTICE STRUCTURES

Question 3

Describe Metallic Bonding

Answer 3

the + metal IONS ❤️ attracted to the DELOCALISED NEGATIVE ELECTRONS. Forms LATTICE of CLOSELY PACKED IONS in a sea of DELOCALISED ELECTRONS

Question 4

Why does Mg2+ have a HIGHER MP than Na+?

Answer 4

Mg2+ has 2 delocalised electrons PER ATOM wheras Na+ only has 1
• more delocalised electrons, the STRONGER the BONDING so the HIGHER the MP

Question 5

Why are metals “Malleable”?

Answer 5

((can be shaped))

• NO bonds holding specific IONS together so the metal IONS can slide over each other when structure is pulled

Question 6

What does the term “ductile” mean?

Answer 6

can be drawn into a WIRE

Question 7

Why are metals GOOD THERMAL CONDUCTORS?

Answer 7

cos the DELOCALISED ELECTRONS can pass KINITIC ENERGY to each other

Question 8

Are metals soluble or insoluble?

Answer 8

INSOLUBLE cos of the strength of metallic bonds

(except in LIQUID METALS)

Question 9

Describe the physical properties of a SOLID:

PARTICLES

Answer 9

• particles very close together
• high density
• making it INCOMPRESSIBLE
• particles VIBRATE about a FIXED POINT - can’t move freely

Question 10

Describe the physical properties of a LIQUID:

PARTICLES

Answer 10

• SIMILAR density to a solid
• VIRTUALLY incompressible
• particles move about freely + RANDOMLY within liquid, allowing it to FLOW

Question 11

Describe the physical properties of a GAS:

PARTICLES

Answer 11

• particles have MORE ENERGY & FURTHER APART
• Low Density
• VERY compressible
• particles move freely

Question 12

What do the physical properties of a SOLID DEPEND on?

(3 points)

Answer 12

• MP + BP depend on ATTRACTION ❤️ BETWEEN PARTICLES
• the CLOSER the particles, the GREATER the DENSITY
• If CHARGED particles are FREE to MOVE - electricity conducted ✅

Question 13

What do the physical properties of a SOLID DEPEND on?

(2 points)

Answer 13

• SOLUBILITY depends on the TYPE of particles present

* If a solid has a REGULAR structure, it’s called a CRYSTAL. Structure is a CRYSTAL LATTICE

Question 14

Give one limitation of a model of BONDING:

Answer 14

Most bonds AREN’T purely IONIC/COVALENT but somewhere in between. Due to BOND POLARISATION.
DOT + CROSS MODELS ❌