A2: Acids and Bases Flashcards
state the meaning of the term “WEAK” as applied to carboxylic acids
ONLY slightly or partially dissociated
state the meaning of the term “Brønsted–Lowry” acid
Proton DONER (like donner kebab)
What is the pH range for a
• STRONG acid
• STRONG base
1 - 13
What is the pH range for a
• WEAK acid
• WEAK base
5 - 9
What is the pH range for a
• STRONG acid
• WEAK base
1 - 9
What is the pH range for a
• WEAK acid
• STRONG base
5 - 13
Define “Buffer”:
A buffer is a solution that RESISTS CHANGES in pH when SMALL 👶 amounts of Acid or Alkali are added
Acidic BUFFERS are made from
• ____ ____
• ____
and usually have a pH of:
- a WEAK acid
- it’s salt
pH: less than 7⃣
define “racemic mixture” (racemate)
EQUAL mixture of enantiomers
What is a BUFFER also known as?
an Acidity Regulator
A method by which the mixture of amino acids formed by hydrolysis of a protein can be separated?
Chromatography
Suggest one operating condition in an incinerator that would minimise the formation of dioxins:
high temperature (over 800 oC)
Define “Dynamic Equilibrium”
- Forward and backward reactions proceeding at equal rate
- Amount of reactants and products remain constant
Define “Reaction Rate”
CHANGE in the AMOUNT 🗻 of reactants OR products PER UNIT TIME ⏰
If the rate constant is BIGGER…that means the reaction rate is…
FASTER
If you ________ the TEMPERATURE, the rate KONSTANT _________ and the reaction RATE _________
(Why? 3 marks)
Increase, Increase, Increase
• inc temp = inc. the number of COLLISIONS 💨 between REACTANT molecules and also the ENERGY of each collision 💨. BUT, conc. of reactants and orders of reaction stay SAME so value of K must INCREASE for rate equation to balance
WATER is _______ dissociated
WEAKLY
The ____ ___________ step is the _______ step in a MULTI-STEP reaction:
- Rate-determining
- Slowest
Define “Order of a reaction” (with respect to a reactant):
The order of a reaction, WITH RESPECT TO A REACTANT, shows the NUMBER OF MOLECULES of THAT reactant that are involved in the RATE-DETERMINING STEP
