AS 02 - Aerodynamics Flashcards
What are the basic components of an aircraft?
Fuselage, Wings and Empennage
Ailerons, spoilers and flaps are appended to which component of an AC?
Wings
An aircraft has control surfaces that enable it to move in three dimensions, what are the:
a) Control surfaces
b) Three dimensions
Associated control surfaces are: Ailerons and spoilers, elevators and the rudder.
Three dimensions are: Roll (left and right); pitch (up and down) and yaw (left and right)
Ailerons/ spoilers control which axis of movement?
Longitudinal
How do the spoilers function?
Plates on the top surface of the wing can extend upward and spoil the airflow. This reduces the lift of that wing section and creates a carefully controlled stall.
Does the use of ailerons results in a change of heading?
Yes, due to the tilting of the lift vector.
True of false
Elevators are located on the horizontal stabilizer and provide for movement about the lateral axis.
True
Describe the location, control and movement of the Rudder.
It is found on the vertical stabilizer, provides control about the vertical axis and movement is called yaw.
Where is the center of gravity in an aircraft?
Where the lateral, longitudinal and center of gravity intersect.
What is dictionary definition of force?
Strength or energy exerted or brought bear: cause of motion or change: active power.
What is the 402 SQN definition of force?
Energy to produce or defy motion, may be +/-
Forces acting on an airplane are broken down into positive and negative, what are the individual forces for each?
Positive: lift and thrust
Negative: weight and drag
If the forces acting on an airplane are in equilibrium, what kind of flight in an airplane in?
Straight, level and unaccelerated flight.
What is Newton’s 1st Law?
Law of inertia: an object at rest tends to stay at rest while a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
What is Newton’s 2nd law?
Law of Acceleration: Acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
What is Newton’s third law?
Law of Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The pressure exerted on an object by the molecular activity within a fluid defines what?
Static Pressure
How is P static calculated?
P static = force/area
Define Dynamic Pressure (Pd)
A body immersed in a moving liquid will absorb the kinetic energy of that fluid (aircraft in the airstream).
How is dynamic pressure calculated?
Pd = 1/2 pV2
How is total pressure calculated?
P total (Pt) = Ps + Pd
True or False
Air density varies directly with temperature and humidity and inversely with air pressure.
False, air density varies directly with air pressure and inversely with temperature and humidity.
Bernoulli’s Principles assumes:
- ## Pressure is constant-
-
(What are the other three assumptions?)
Pt = Ps + Pd
Air flow is constant
Air is incompressible
How is Mass Airflow (M) calculated?
Density x area x velocity
What does Mass Airflow negate?
Air compressibility
If Ps is smaller on the upper surface of an airfoil, what is generated by a wing?
Lift
By design, an airfoil offers a restriction to air flow and results in an increase to what over the upper surface?
Air velocity
What are two basic ways to increase lift?
Increase airspeed and increase the camber of the airfoil.
Define camber
The curvature of an airfoil or its surface
Review Questions
Name the three main control surfaces.
Ailerons, rudder and elevator
Review Questions
What are the three axes of movement?
Longitudinal (roll)
Lateral (pitch)
Vertical (yaw)
Review Questions
What motion does each control surface provide?
Longitudinal (roll)
Lateral (pitch)
Vertical (yaw)
Review Questions
What are the forces acting upon an aircraft in flight?
Lift, thrust, weight and drag
Review Questions
Define Bernoulli’s Principle
An increase in dynamic pressure results in a corresponding decrease in static pressure.
