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Lab for invertebrates > Arthropods and Aschelminths > Flashcards

Arthropods and Aschelminths Flashcards

1
Q

General arthropod characteristics

A
  • segmented animals
  • one pair of jointed appendages on each segment
  • chitinous exoskeleton (cuticle) over whole body
  • coelom greatly reduced and the main body cavity is the hemocoel
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2
Q

Subphylum Trilobitomorpha

  • habitat
  • survival
  • body segmentation
  • exoskeleton
A
  • marine Arthropoda
  • extinct
  • divided into 3 visible tagmata: anterior cephalon, middle thorax and posterior pygidium
  • exoskeleton consisted of a thick dorsal shield and a thin ventral membrane
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3
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata classes

A

Merostomata

Arachnida

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4
Q

Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Classes

A

Crustacea

Malacostraca
Branchiopoda
Copepoda
Branchiura

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5
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata characteristics

  • what are chelicerae
  • only arthropods without
  • body division
  • appendages
A
  • appendages used for grasping and shredding food
  • antennae or mandibles
  • body divides into two tagmata: anterior cephalothorax (prosoma) and a posterior abdomen (opisthosoma)
  • cephalothorax has 6 pairs of appendages: pair of chelicerae, pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs
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6
Q

Class-Merostomata

  • type
  • are their living members
  • exoskeleton
  • appendages
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-most extinct, just Marine now
-dorsal surface of cephalothorax covered by a large, horseshoe shaped sheet of exoskeletons known as the CARAPACE
-cephalothorax bears the chelicerae and 5 pairs of legs

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7
Q

Limulus polyhemus

  • type
  • habitat
  • are they crabs?
  • antennae and mandibles
  • significance of shape of exoskeleton
  • adaptations for burrowing
A

(Horseshoe crab)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata

  • shallow waters along east coast of NA
  • nope
  • carapace has 3 parts:cephalothorax, abdomen and tail
  • fifth pair of walking legs has extra muscle that allows it to push itself around the sand without getting stuck
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8
Q

Limulus polyhemus larva

-why is this orca often referred to as trilobite larva

A

-similar shape and internal skeleton

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9
Q

Class-Arachnida

  • type
  • habitat
  • common examples
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-all terrestrial Chelicerates
-scorpion, spider and ticks

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10
Q

Class-Arachnida characteristics

  • body division
  • cephalothorax appendages
A
  • divided into an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen
  • cephalothorax carries a pair of chelicerae, a pair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs

-majority of arachnids are predatory and their appendages have been modified to capture and hold prey

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11
Q

Centuriodes vittatus

  • type
  • how has the body been modified for its lifestyle
  • are there antennae or mandibles
A

(Scorpion)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida

  • abdominals stinger to barb prey and inject venom, chelicerae crush and tear food, pedipals capture = predatory life
  • no, chelicerate don’t have these
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12
Q

Dermacentor variabilis

  • type
  • can you use dorsal shield to identify male and female?
A

(American dog tick)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida

Male is orange with spots, female is brown and plain

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13
Q

Subphylum Mandibulata

  • type
  • antennae and mandibles
  • superclasses
A

Phylum Arthropoda

  • yes mandibles and antennae
  • Crustacea, hexapoda, Myriapoda
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14
Q

Superclass Crustacea

  • habitat
  • examples
A

Aquatic species in marine and freshwater

Lobsters, shrimp and crabs

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15
Q

Superclass Crustacea characteristics

  • body
  • head appendages
  • trunk
  • carapace
A
  • typically divided into a head and a trunk
  • head carried two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles and two pairs of maxillae
  • remainder of body is the trunk, and it may be subdivided into two tagmata: thorax and abdomen
  • some of the thoracic segments may fuse with the head to form a cephalothorax and it may be covered by a dorsal carapace
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16
Q

Superclass Crustea classes

A

Class Malacostraca
Class Branchiopoda
Class Copepoda
Class Branchiura

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17
Q

Class Malacostraca characteristics

  • body
  • head appendages
  • body appendages
A
  • divided into a head, thorax and abdomen, may be covered by a carapace and function as single region=cephalothorax
  • head carries Crustacea appendages
  • modified for feeding, locomotion and or generation of respiratory currents
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18
Q

Homarus americanus

  • type
  • cephalothorax?
  • how many pairs of antennae
  • biramous antennae?
  • eyes?
A 
(American lobster)
Phylum Arthropoda  
Subphylum Mandibulata 
Superclass Crustacea 
Class Malacostraca
  • yes
  • two pairs: first is antennules for chemosensory, Second is antennae for touching
  • biramous=dividing to form two branches; second pair is biramous
  • compound eyes made up of thousands of little lenses joined together
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19
Q

Homarus americanus

  • what types of modifications do the appendages of the thorax and abdomen show? And are they jointed?
  • what are some advantages and disadvantages of the exoskeleton
A
  • abdomen is infused with 6 segments to allow flexibility and movement. Tissue connecting segments are soft, unlike carapace. Jointed appendages
  • protects from attack, heavy and limits size
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20
Q

Cancer magister

  • type
  • differences from Homarus americanus
A 
(Rock crab)
Phylum Arthropoda 
Subphylum Mandibulata 
Superclass Crustacea 
Class Malacostraca
  • lobster is longer and narrower
  • crabs have smaller abdomen, crabs have smaller antennae
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21
Q

Cancer larva Types

  • purpose of dorsal spine
  • how does one stage resemble adult crab
A
  • Zoea larva has stalked compound eyes and a spiny carapace. Dorsal spine aids in directional swimming and defence
  • Megalopa larva have front larger claws, rounded body and long legs
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22
Q

Class Branchiopoda

  • type
  • habitat
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea

-mainly freshwater

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23
Q

Class Branchiopoda characteristics

  • body
  • head appendages
  • abdomen appendages
  • thoracic appendage
A
  • body divided into a head, thorax and a reduced abdomen; may have carapace
  • on head, the first antennae and the second maxillae are greatly reduced
  • a segment of each thoracic appendage has been modified to form a flat, leaf-like structure
  • abdomen has no appendages
24
Q

Daphnia pulex

  • type
  • habitat
  • carapace
  • first antennae
  • second antennae modifications
  • eye
  • thorax appendages purpose
A 
(Water flea)
Phylum Arthropoda 
Subphylum Mandibulata 
Superclass Crustacea 
Class Branchiopoda
  • ponds and lakes
  • carapace covers most of the body, head and antennae protrude out of carapace
  • first antennae greatly reduced
  • biramous second antennae used to propel through water
  • single compound eye
  • used for feeding, respirations and swimming (filter feeding by appendages on setae)
25
Q

Eubranchipus sp.

  • type
  • carapace
  • which antennae is more obvious
  • eye difference from Daphnia sp.
  • how many thoracic appendages
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiopoda

  • no carapace
  • first antennae
  • pair of compound eyes
  • 11
26
Q

Class Copepoda

  • habitat
  • feeding
A
  • worlds oceans, freshwater, most soil and parasites of aquatic animals
  • phytoplankton, herbivores, or parasites
27
Q

Class Copepoda characteristics

  • body
  • antennae
  • eye
  • thorax and abdomen appendages
A
  • elongated body divided into a head, thorax and abdomen. Head and thorax may fuse to form cephalothorax
  • long, uniramous first antennae
  • Naupliar eye; no compound eyes
  • biramous appendages in thorax, abdomen has no appendages
28
Q

Cyclops sp.

  • type
  • is there a cephalothorax
  • are first antennae uniramous?
  • can you locate the Naupliar eye? And how does it differ from compound?
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Copepoda

  • seems so
  • uniramous=unbrached, all appendages are biramous except antennae
  • eye is at very anterior end in middle
  • singular median eye with 3-4 lens bearing ocelli; 2 look forward and up, and 1 looks down
29
Q

Class Branchiura

  • type
  • habitat
  • lifestyle
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
-ectoparasites of marine and freshwater fish also known as fish lice and often cause extreme danger to their hosts

30
Q

Class Branchiura characteristics

  • body
  • Carapace
  • appendages
A
  • flattened and divided into head, thorax and a short abdomen
  • carapace is present
  • appendages greatly modified for parasitism
31
Q

Argulus sp.

  • type
  • function of antennae and maxillae in this organism
  • eyes
  • appendages on abdomen
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiura

  • first pair of antennae modified to form a hooked, spiny proboscis with suckers. Suction organs on first 2 pairs of maxillae
  • two compound eyes
  • none
32
Q 
Subphylum Mandibulata 
Supercalss Myriapoda 
-examples
-feeding style
-habitat
A
  • Centipedes and millipedes
  • centipedes are carnivorous and millipedes are scavengers
  • tropical or temperate regions
33
Q

Superclass Myriapoda characteristics

  • body division
  • head appendages
  • trunk appendages
A
  • divided into head and trunk
  • head Carries a single pair of antennae and a pair of mandibles
  • trunk elongated with many leg-bearing segments
34
Q

Scolopendra sp.

  • type
  • how many legs on each trunk segment
  • maxillipeds
  • feeding habits
A

(American centipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda

  • 1 pair
  • maxillipeds modified as poison claws (first pair of legs modified for subduing prey)
  • carnivorous; feeds on small invertebrates and small vertebrates
35
Q

Spirobolus sp.

  • type
  • how many legs per segment
  • poison claws
  • biramous or uniramous appendages
A

(Tropical millipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda

  • 2 pairs of legs per segment
  • no poison claws
  • uniramous appendages
36
Q 
Phylum Arthropoda 
Subphylum Mandibulata 
Superclass Hexapoda 
Class Insecta characteristics 
-body division
-head appendages
-thorax appendages
A
  • divided into 3 tagmata: head, thorax and abdomen
  • head carried a pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes and specialized feeding appendages (mouthparts)
  • thorax has 3 segments and each segment carries a pair of legs that have been modified for a variety of activities. May also carry two pairs of wings
37
Q

Romalea micropteta

  • type
  • how many pairs of antennae
  • 3 segments of thorax
  • do all legs look the same
  • how do wings differ
  • does abdomen have appendages
A

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Hexapoda
Class Insecta

  • 2 antennae (1 pair)
  • prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax
  • first two pairs similar, last pair longer and thicker for jumping
  • first pair attached to second segment of thorax and is narrow, hind pair attached to 3rd segment and are thin and fan-like in shape.
  • NO
38
Q

Differences of wings in:

  • Apis mellifera (bee)
  • pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly)
  • sympetrum internum (dragonfly)
  • cicindela sp. (tiger beetle)
A
  • thin, transparent/translucent wings
  • opaque with black dots (resemble eyes)
  • transparent, thin (harder to spot)
  • thick, opaque, black wings (protection)
39
Q

Differences in legs of

  • Diapheromera femorata (walking stick)
  • Blaberus sp. (cockroach)
  • Mantis religious (praying mantis)
  • Dytiscus marginalis (diving bettle)
A
  • stick legs to blend in
  • thicker legs with points to run quickly on any surface even walls
  • modified front legs to catch prey and hold tightly (has spikes)
  • thick fringe of swimming hairs
40
Q

Hemimetabolous and holometabolous development

A

-metamorphosis from larval to distinctly different adult body plan; transition gradual and different instars called nymphs (grass hopper)
(Incomplete metamorphosis)

-species change to adults radically and abruptly. Go from larvae to pupa to adult morph (bee)
(Complete metamorphosis)

41
Q

Aschelminths contains which phylum’s

A

Invertebrates that molt:

  • phylum Nematoda
  • phylum Nematomorpha

Invertebrates that do not molt:

  • phylum Rotifera
  • phylum Acanthocephala
42
Q

Phylum Nematoda

  • known as
  • habitat
  • lifestyle
A
  • Round worms
  • freshwater, marine and terrestrial
  • free-living or parasitic
43
Q

Phylum Nematoda characteristics

  • body
  • digestive system
A
  • cylindrical worm-like bodies

- system is tubular with a mouth and a anus

44
Q

Turbatrix aceti

  • type
  • describe movement
  • male and female differences
A 
(Vinegar eel) 
Aschelminths 
Phylum Nematoda (molt)
  • bendy waves; undulating body in sinusoidal waves through alternating muscle contractions
  • females larger
45
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

  • type
  • habitat
  • male and female differences
A 
Aschelminths 
Phylum Nematoda (molt)
  • intestines, eggs passed in feces onto soil (parasite)
  • male smaller, til gunner and curled end
46
Q

Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics

  • known as
  • habitat
  • lifestyle
A
  • Aschelminths that molt
  • horsehair worms
  • freshwater and moist soil
  • free-living
47
Q

Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics

  • adults body
  • digestive system
A
  • long and very slender with uniformly cylindrical body

- reduced and the mouth and anus are usually absent

48
Q

Gordius sp.

  • type
  • how does this resemble Ascaris
A 
Aschelminths 
Phylum Nematomorpha (molt)

-males have curled end, thin and cylindrical body

49
Q

What differences exist between the adult Nematomorpha and the adult nematodes

A
  • degenerate gut in Nematomorpha (role of adults is reproduction, not feeding)
  • featureless bodies and much thinner
50
Q

Phylum Rotifera

  • also known as
  • lifestyle
  • habitat
A

Aschelminths

  • do not molt
  • wheel animalcules
  • free-living
  • freshwater
51
Q

Phylum Rotifera characteristics

  • body
  • head modification
A
  • microscopic animals with a spherical or cylindrical body that ends in a foot
  • anterior end of the head region is modified into a ciliary organ known as the corona
52
Q

Rotifer citrinus

  • type
  • function of corona
  • do you see toes on terminal foot
A 
Aschelminths 
Phylum Rotifera (do not molt) 
-draws water into mouth to sift for food
-toes attach to substrate
53
Q

Phylum Rotifera

  • type of movement
  • water current
  • mastax
A
  • sway back and forth
  • big currents around mouth
  • grind food particles or grasping or sucking in complete food particles or contents of large prey. Mastax moved up and down.
54
Q

Phylum Acanthocephala

  • known as
  • lifestyle
  • habitat
A
  • spiny headed worms
  • parasitic
  • digestive tracts of vertebrate hosts (pigs and humans)
55
Q

Phylum Acanthocephala characteristics

  • body
  • digestive tract
A
  • long, cylindrical body with a retractxale proboscis that is armed with hooks
  • no digestive tract and must absorb nutrients from the host
56
Q

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

  • type
  • does it have distinct anterior end
  • differences of digestive tract from Nematoda and Nematomorpha
A

Aschelminths
Phylum Acanthocephala
-head with proboscis is anterior end
-no digestive tract

57
Q

What phylum contains over 75% of the worlds animals?

A

Arthropoda

Considered most successful of the terrestrial invertebrates

Lab for invertebrates (8 decks)

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