Arthropods and Aschelminths Flashcards
General arthropod characteristics
- segmented animals
- one pair of jointed appendages on each segment
- chitinous exoskeleton (cuticle) over whole body
- coelom greatly reduced and the main body cavity is the hemocoel
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
- habitat
- survival
- body segmentation
- exoskeleton
- marine Arthropoda
- extinct
- divided into 3 visible tagmata: anterior cephalon, middle thorax and posterior pygidium
- exoskeleton consisted of a thick dorsal shield and a thin ventral membrane
Subphylum Chelicerata classes
Merostomata
Arachnida
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Classes
Crustacea
Malacostraca
Branchiopoda
Copepoda
Branchiura
Subphylum Chelicerata characteristics
- what are chelicerae
- only arthropods without
- body division
- appendages
- appendages used for grasping and shredding food
- antennae or mandibles
- body divides into two tagmata: anterior cephalothorax (prosoma) and a posterior abdomen (opisthosoma)
- cephalothorax has 6 pairs of appendages: pair of chelicerae, pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs
Class-Merostomata
- type
- are their living members
- exoskeleton
- appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-most extinct, just Marine now
-dorsal surface of cephalothorax covered by a large, horseshoe shaped sheet of exoskeletons known as the CARAPACE
-cephalothorax bears the chelicerae and 5 pairs of legs
Limulus polyhemus
- type
- habitat
- are they crabs?
- antennae and mandibles
- significance of shape of exoskeleton
- adaptations for burrowing
(Horseshoe crab)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata
- shallow waters along east coast of NA
- nope
- carapace has 3 parts:cephalothorax, abdomen and tail
- fifth pair of walking legs has extra muscle that allows it to push itself around the sand without getting stuck
Limulus polyhemus larva
-why is this orca often referred to as trilobite larva
-similar shape and internal skeleton
Class-Arachnida
- type
- habitat
- common examples
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-all terrestrial Chelicerates
-scorpion, spider and ticks
Class-Arachnida characteristics
- body division
- cephalothorax appendages
- divided into an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen
- cephalothorax carries a pair of chelicerae, a pair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs
-majority of arachnids are predatory and their appendages have been modified to capture and hold prey
Centuriodes vittatus
- type
- how has the body been modified for its lifestyle
- are there antennae or mandibles
(Scorpion)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
- abdominals stinger to barb prey and inject venom, chelicerae crush and tear food, pedipals capture = predatory life
- no, chelicerate don’t have these
Dermacentor variabilis
- type
- can you use dorsal shield to identify male and female?
(American dog tick)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
Male is orange with spots, female is brown and plain
Subphylum Mandibulata
- type
- antennae and mandibles
- superclasses
Phylum Arthropoda
- yes mandibles and antennae
- Crustacea, hexapoda, Myriapoda
Superclass Crustacea
- habitat
- examples
Aquatic species in marine and freshwater
Lobsters, shrimp and crabs
Superclass Crustacea characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- trunk
- carapace
- typically divided into a head and a trunk
- head carried two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles and two pairs of maxillae
- remainder of body is the trunk, and it may be subdivided into two tagmata: thorax and abdomen
- some of the thoracic segments may fuse with the head to form a cephalothorax and it may be covered by a dorsal carapace
Superclass Crustea classes
Class Malacostraca
Class Branchiopoda
Class Copepoda
Class Branchiura
Class Malacostraca characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- body appendages
- divided into a head, thorax and abdomen, may be covered by a carapace and function as single region=cephalothorax
- head carries Crustacea appendages
- modified for feeding, locomotion and or generation of respiratory currents
Homarus americanus
- type
- cephalothorax?
- how many pairs of antennae
- biramous antennae?
- eyes?
(American lobster) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Malacostraca
- yes
- two pairs: first is antennules for chemosensory, Second is antennae for touching
- biramous=dividing to form two branches; second pair is biramous
- compound eyes made up of thousands of little lenses joined together
Homarus americanus
- what types of modifications do the appendages of the thorax and abdomen show? And are they jointed?
- what are some advantages and disadvantages of the exoskeleton
- abdomen is infused with 6 segments to allow flexibility and movement. Tissue connecting segments are soft, unlike carapace. Jointed appendages
- protects from attack, heavy and limits size
Cancer magister
- type
- differences from Homarus americanus
(Rock crab) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Malacostraca
- lobster is longer and narrower
- crabs have smaller abdomen, crabs have smaller antennae
Cancer larva Types
- purpose of dorsal spine
- how does one stage resemble adult crab
- Zoea larva has stalked compound eyes and a spiny carapace. Dorsal spine aids in directional swimming and defence
- Megalopa larva have front larger claws, rounded body and long legs
Class Branchiopoda
- type
- habitat
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
-mainly freshwater
Class Branchiopoda characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- abdomen appendages
- thoracic appendage
- body divided into a head, thorax and a reduced abdomen; may have carapace
- on head, the first antennae and the second maxillae are greatly reduced
- a segment of each thoracic appendage has been modified to form a flat, leaf-like structure
- abdomen has no appendages
Daphnia pulex
- type
- habitat
- carapace
- first antennae
- second antennae modifications
- eye
- thorax appendages purpose
(Water flea) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Branchiopoda
- ponds and lakes
- carapace covers most of the body, head and antennae protrude out of carapace
- first antennae greatly reduced
- biramous second antennae used to propel through water
- single compound eye
- used for feeding, respirations and swimming (filter feeding by appendages on setae)
Eubranchipus sp.
- type
- carapace
- which antennae is more obvious
- eye difference from Daphnia sp.
- how many thoracic appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiopoda
- no carapace
- first antennae
- pair of compound eyes
- 11
Class Copepoda
- habitat
- feeding
- worlds oceans, freshwater, most soil and parasites of aquatic animals
- phytoplankton, herbivores, or parasites
Class Copepoda characteristics
- body
- antennae
- eye
- thorax and abdomen appendages
- elongated body divided into a head, thorax and abdomen. Head and thorax may fuse to form cephalothorax
- long, uniramous first antennae
- Naupliar eye; no compound eyes
- biramous appendages in thorax, abdomen has no appendages
Cyclops sp.
- type
- is there a cephalothorax
- are first antennae uniramous?
- can you locate the Naupliar eye? And how does it differ from compound?
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Copepoda
- seems so
- uniramous=unbrached, all appendages are biramous except antennae
- eye is at very anterior end in middle
- singular median eye with 3-4 lens bearing ocelli; 2 look forward and up, and 1 looks down
Class Branchiura
- type
- habitat
- lifestyle
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
-ectoparasites of marine and freshwater fish also known as fish lice and often cause extreme danger to their hosts
Class Branchiura characteristics
- body
- Carapace
- appendages
- flattened and divided into head, thorax and a short abdomen
- carapace is present
- appendages greatly modified for parasitism
Argulus sp.
- type
- function of antennae and maxillae in this organism
- eyes
- appendages on abdomen
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiura
- first pair of antennae modified to form a hooked, spiny proboscis with suckers. Suction organs on first 2 pairs of maxillae
- two compound eyes
- none
Subphylum Mandibulata Supercalss Myriapoda -examples -feeding style -habitat
- Centipedes and millipedes
- centipedes are carnivorous and millipedes are scavengers
- tropical or temperate regions
Superclass Myriapoda characteristics
- body division
- head appendages
- trunk appendages
- divided into head and trunk
- head Carries a single pair of antennae and a pair of mandibles
- trunk elongated with many leg-bearing segments
Scolopendra sp.
- type
- how many legs on each trunk segment
- maxillipeds
- feeding habits
(American centipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda
- 1 pair
- maxillipeds modified as poison claws (first pair of legs modified for subduing prey)
- carnivorous; feeds on small invertebrates and small vertebrates
Spirobolus sp.
- type
- how many legs per segment
- poison claws
- biramous or uniramous appendages
(Tropical millipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda
- 2 pairs of legs per segment
- no poison claws
- uniramous appendages
Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Hexapoda Class Insecta characteristics -body division -head appendages -thorax appendages
- divided into 3 tagmata: head, thorax and abdomen
- head carried a pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes and specialized feeding appendages (mouthparts)
- thorax has 3 segments and each segment carries a pair of legs that have been modified for a variety of activities. May also carry two pairs of wings
Romalea micropteta
- type
- how many pairs of antennae
- 3 segments of thorax
- do all legs look the same
- how do wings differ
- does abdomen have appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Hexapoda
Class Insecta
- 2 antennae (1 pair)
- prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax
- first two pairs similar, last pair longer and thicker for jumping
- first pair attached to second segment of thorax and is narrow, hind pair attached to 3rd segment and are thin and fan-like in shape.
- NO
Differences of wings in:
- Apis mellifera (bee)
- pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly)
- sympetrum internum (dragonfly)
- cicindela sp. (tiger beetle)
- thin, transparent/translucent wings
- opaque with black dots (resemble eyes)
- transparent, thin (harder to spot)
- thick, opaque, black wings (protection)
Differences in legs of
- Diapheromera femorata (walking stick)
- Blaberus sp. (cockroach)
- Mantis religious (praying mantis)
- Dytiscus marginalis (diving bettle)
- stick legs to blend in
- thicker legs with points to run quickly on any surface even walls
- modified front legs to catch prey and hold tightly (has spikes)
- thick fringe of swimming hairs
Hemimetabolous and holometabolous development
-metamorphosis from larval to distinctly different adult body plan; transition gradual and different instars called nymphs (grass hopper)
(Incomplete metamorphosis)
-species change to adults radically and abruptly. Go from larvae to pupa to adult morph (bee)
(Complete metamorphosis)
Aschelminths contains which phylum’s
Invertebrates that molt:
- phylum Nematoda
- phylum Nematomorpha
Invertebrates that do not molt:
- phylum Rotifera
- phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Nematoda
- known as
- habitat
- lifestyle
- Round worms
- freshwater, marine and terrestrial
- free-living or parasitic
Phylum Nematoda characteristics
- body
- digestive system
- cylindrical worm-like bodies
- system is tubular with a mouth and a anus
Turbatrix aceti
- type
- describe movement
- male and female differences
(Vinegar eel) Aschelminths Phylum Nematoda (molt)
- bendy waves; undulating body in sinusoidal waves through alternating muscle contractions
- females larger
Ascaris lumbricoides
- type
- habitat
- male and female differences
Aschelminths Phylum Nematoda (molt)
- intestines, eggs passed in feces onto soil (parasite)
- male smaller, til gunner and curled end
Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics
- known as
- habitat
- lifestyle
- Aschelminths that molt
- horsehair worms
- freshwater and moist soil
- free-living
Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics
- adults body
- digestive system
- long and very slender with uniformly cylindrical body
- reduced and the mouth and anus are usually absent
Gordius sp.
- type
- how does this resemble Ascaris
Aschelminths Phylum Nematomorpha (molt)
-males have curled end, thin and cylindrical body
What differences exist between the adult Nematomorpha and the adult nematodes
- degenerate gut in Nematomorpha (role of adults is reproduction, not feeding)
- featureless bodies and much thinner
Phylum Rotifera
- also known as
- lifestyle
- habitat
Aschelminths
- do not molt
- wheel animalcules
- free-living
- freshwater
Phylum Rotifera characteristics
- body
- head modification
- microscopic animals with a spherical or cylindrical body that ends in a foot
- anterior end of the head region is modified into a ciliary organ known as the corona
Rotifer citrinus
- type
- function of corona
- do you see toes on terminal foot
Aschelminths Phylum Rotifera (do not molt) -draws water into mouth to sift for food -toes attach to substrate
Phylum Rotifera
- type of movement
- water current
- mastax
- sway back and forth
- big currents around mouth
- grind food particles or grasping or sucking in complete food particles or contents of large prey. Mastax moved up and down.
Phylum Acanthocephala
- known as
- lifestyle
- habitat
- spiny headed worms
- parasitic
- digestive tracts of vertebrate hosts (pigs and humans)
Phylum Acanthocephala characteristics
- body
- digestive tract
- long, cylindrical body with a retractxale proboscis that is armed with hooks
- no digestive tract and must absorb nutrients from the host
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
- type
- does it have distinct anterior end
- differences of digestive tract from Nematoda and Nematomorpha
Aschelminths
Phylum Acanthocephala
-head with proboscis is anterior end
-no digestive tract
What phylum contains over 75% of the worlds animals?
Arthropoda
Considered most successful of the terrestrial invertebrates
