ARRHYTHMIAS

Question 1

Normal QRS

Answer 1

Rate = 60-100
Regularity = R-R interval is same

Question 2

Wide QRS

Answer 2

Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 3

Normal sinus Rhythm

Answer 3

Normal P wave before every QRS
Upright P wave in Lead II
Biphasic P wave in V1

Every P wave followed by QRS

Question 4

Normal Intervals

Answer 4

PR interval = 0.12-0.21 s
QT interval = <0.4 s

Question 5

Sinus Tachycardia (5)

Answer 5

> 100 bpm
Normal p wave followed by QRS
Regular R-R interval
Narrow QRS
Camel hump (P merge with T)

Question 6

Sinus Tachycardia- Pathophysiology

Answer 6

Sympathetic activation or vagal withdrawl on SA node

Question 7

Sinus Tachycardia- Causes (3)

Answer 7

1- Increased sympathetic tone e.g. exercise, anxiety, pain, pregnancy
2- Alcohol, caffeine, drugs e.g. B-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergic drugs
3- Systemic etiology: fever, hypotension, hypovolemia, anemia, thyrotoxicosis, CHF, MI, shock, pulmonary embolism

Question 8

Sinus Tachycardia- Treatment

Answer 8

Treat underlying cause
Consider beta blockers if symptomatic (if beta blocker is contraindicated use CCB)

Question 9

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Answer 9

Change in sinus rhythm during inspiration
Inspiration —> Faster
Expiration —> Slower

Question 10

Supraventricular Tachycardia (2)

Answer 10

Arising above the level of the Bundle of His

Narrow QRS