Aromatic compounds Flashcards
what are deactivating groups?
they take electrons and are NO2
what are activating groups?
they have lone pairs and are OH, CH3 and NH2
why is phenol soluble?
because the OH can form hydrogen bonds with water
is phenol a weak acid?
yes
What is observable in the reaction between phenol and bromine?
decolourise and white precipitate
why are phenols reactive?
the O has lone electrons so increase electron density and can induce dipoles
what is phenol?
it has an OH bonded directly to the benzene ring
what does benzene need to react?
a halogen carrier
what reaction mechanism does benzene undergo?
electrophilic substitution
What is the process of alkylation?
forming an aromatic ketone with an acyl chloride and AlCl3 catalyst
What is acylation?
Adding carbons onto the carbon ring
what are the conditions for nitration?
reflux under 50 C
why is benzene unreactive?
because stronger electrophiles are needed and it can’t induce a dipole
what is a pi bond?
an area of high electron density
how does the ring form?
the sideways overlap of p orbitals form a ring of pi bonds which is spread out above and below the plane
