Army Reforms - Cardwell Reforms Flashcards
What was the context prior to the Cardwell Reforms?
Despite failings in Crimea little had been done to improve the army as the UK had mainly been fighting colonial wars in Asia and Africa, the Conservatives had also been in power and they resisted change.
The Liberals had come to power in 1868 and recent successes of the Prussian Army against France, Austria and Denmark showed the need for change.
What issues did Cardwell face?
The industrial revolution had made recruitment much more difficult as a job in a factory paid more than the army. Furthermore, flogging and branding made it an unattractive career option.
How did Cardwell deal with flogging and branding?
In 1868 Cardwell banned flogging in peacetime and in 1871 he banned branding entirely.
How did Cardwell work to improve recruitment?
He abolished bounty money for new recruits to stop recruiting agents from tricking men into joining the army.
What did the Army Enlistment 1870 Act do?
Soldiers could now enlist for a maximum of 12 years rather than an earlier 21 years which made it more enticing especially since the minimum was now 6 years.
What did the Regulation of Foreign Forces Act 1871 do?
It prevented experienced British soldiers from operating as mercenaries in other countries.
What did Cardwell do in regards to the purchase of Commissions?
He was able to get them abolished in Parliament which grealty improved the performance of the army.
What was the impact of the abolishment of commissions?
It meant that middle class people could now join the armed forces meaning that new innovative ideas could be incorporated into command.
