area 5 forensic psychology

Question 1

what is crime prevention?

Answer 1

an attempt to reduce and deter crime

Question 2

what are 6 key drivers to prevent crime?

Answer 2

remove opportunity
intervene with certain characters early
effectiveness of CJS is a detterent
hard to make profit of crime

Question 3

what is newmans theory of defensible space?

Answer 3

that if a space looks like it is being ‘defended’ crime is less liekly to happen in that area

Question 4

what did 4 main factors did newman suggest in architecture to deter crime?

Answer 4

territory
natural surveillance
image
milieu

Question 5

what did newman say about teritory?

Answer 5

sone where residents have a sense of ownership eg through fences and walls

Question 6

what did newman say about nautral suyrveillance?

Answer 6

should be able to see what happening the neigbourhood eg through overlooking windows, outdoor balconies

Question 7

what did newman say about image?

Answer 7

regular maintenance and increased pride in house means that it looks like someone is bothered about their property so wont burgle because they will care/ take responsibility

Question 8

what does newman say about mileu?

Answer 8

if entry ways are visible from the road and close to communal areas their is increased surveillance so strangers can be identified easily

Question 9

how did newman find this out?

Answer 9

through an quasi experiment

Question 10

what are the 2 IV’s of newman?

Answer 10

low rise Brownsville and high rise van dyke

Question 11

which area had the higher levels of crime?

Answer 11

the van dyke estate- high rise buildings

Question 12

what happened in zimbardos research into broken windows theory?

Answer 12

was an experiment where he left 2 similar cars in different areas bronx and palo alto. in 10 mins the bronx car had parts stolen and most parts were gone in 3 days
palo alto- no one touched it for a week

Question 13

what did zimbardo do to the car if palo alto after it had been untouched?

Answer 13

he smashed one of the windows which the led to people wrecking the car

Question 14

what did wilson and kelling come up with after zimbardos reserach?

Answer 14

that if a window remains unrepaired it will lead to further decay meaning if one person commits a crime this can become the beginning for others if this isn’t targeted by the police as people begin to disregard pro social norms

Question 15

what is zero tolerance policing and who came up to it?

Answer 15

Bratton the NYPD chief in the 90s came up with the idea that we should prevent the development of anti social norms by aggressively policing minor crimes to deter criminals

Question 16

how did bratton start to enforce zero tolerance policing?

Answer 16

sent 8-10 police officers at once on the subway to catch 10-20 fare evaders at a time and once this worked this was used to target other minor crimes like graffiti, public drinking

Question 17

what was the quality of life intitative?

Answer 17

squeegee people were arrested and assertive policing was used as 0 tolerance could elad to a missuse of power

Question 18

what happend to the crime rate after the 0 tolerance policing by bratton?

Answer 18

serious crime fell by 25%
this was adopted by other states and the crime rates fell in America for 5 consecutive years

Question 19

what do some people think caused the crime rate to drop in the 90’s?

Answer 19

the 7000 new officers eployed so higher prescene, other policies,newtons law of crime meaning crime was supposed to drop after an increase due to cocaine use

Question 20

what is order maintenance policing?

Answer 20

careful policing as it can have negative consequences such as alienating the public form the police and resentment towards the police as a result of heavy handed stop and searches