ARDS

Question 1

what are some features of ARDS?

Answer 1

􏰀 Tachypnoea
􏰀 Cyanosis
􏰀 Bilateral fine creps
􏰀 SIRS

Question 2

what will CXR show for ARDS?

Answer 2

bilateral perihilar infiltrates

Question 3

what is the pathophysiology of ARDS?

Answer 3

Inflam mediators → ↑ capillary permeability and non- cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.

Question 4

what are the two indications of ventilation?

Answer 4

􏰁 PaO2<8KPa despite 60% FiO2

􏰁 PaCO2>6KPa

Question 5

what method of ventilation is used for ARDS?

Answer 5

6ml/kg + PEEP (e.g. 10cm H2O)

Question 6

what is PEEP?

Answer 6

Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), is a pressure applied by the ventilator at the end of each breath to ensure that the alveoli are not so prone to collapse.

Question 7

what are SEs of ventilation ?

Answer 7

ventilation induced lung injury
ventilation acquired pneumonia
weaning difficulties

Question 8

what is the mortality of ARDS?

Answer 8

50-75% mortality

Question 9

state some pulmonary causes of ARDS?

Answer 9

􏰀 Pneumonia
􏰀 Aspiration
􏰀 Inhalation injury
􏰀 Contusion

Question 10

state some systemic causes of ARDS?

Answer 10

shock, sepsis, trauma 
haemorrhage 
pancreatitis 
acute liver failure
DIC
eclampsia, amniotic embolism 
drugs (aspirin, heroin)

Question 11

does ARDS have transudate or exudate pulmonary oedema?

Answer 11

exudate

Question 12

state some causes of transudate pulmonary oedema ?

Answer 12

CCF
iatrogenic fluid overload 
renal failure 
liver failure 
nephrotic syndrome 
malnutrition 
decreased lymphatic drainage due to tumour