Arch Shock exam answers

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the MoA of Dobutamine (2 marks)

Answer 2

Dobutamine directly stimulates beta-1 receptors of the heart to increase myocardial contractility and stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output.

Question 3

Define shock as it relates to CV system (2 mark)

Answer 3

cardiogenic: inability of the heart to function as an effective pump e.g. arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, valvular disease, chest trauma, toxicity/infection

Question 4

2 types of shock and how they cause hypotension (4 marks)

Answer 4

• hypovolaemic: loss of fluid volume e.g. traumatic blood loss, GI bleeding, burns
• cardiogenic: inability of the heart to function as an effective pump e.g. arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, valvular disease, chest trauma, toxicity/infection
• distributive: failure of vasoregulation → systemic vasodilation and peripheral pooling
  
  • septic – systemic inflammation due to infection e.g. bacteraemia
  • anaphylactic – systemic inflammation due to allergic reaction, release of histamines causes vasodilation e.g. drug/food allergy, insect bites
  • neurogenic – loss of SNS tone causes peripheral vasodilation e.g. spinal cord injury, cerebral stroke, anaesthesia