APUSH 1754-1800 Flashcards
1
Q
Economy of time period
A
- Mercantilism was the economic system of the time period
- Gov should regulate economy to increase national power, encourage local production through tariffs and monopolies and good trade balance
- Colonists get raw goods then export and import finished goods
- Tobacco and Sugar where very important as well as slaves
2
Q
British v French
A
- Spanish had largest and longest empire
- French colonies only had about 60k, moving into Mississippi and Ohio river Valleys and forming allegiances
- 1749 huge land grant given to Ohio company, natives and French thought they had the right to the land
- Begins with attack on French forts in western Pennsylvania and failure of Fort Necessity and Fort Ducane
- Turned in 1759 with capture of fort Ducane, Ticonderoga, and Louisburg
- Ended with Treaty of Paris
3
Q
Land Changes
A
- Britain got Canada, Florida, and France got Guadalupe and Martinique Sugar Islands, Spain got Cuba and Philippines
- Native Americans lost
4
Q
Indian Fighting and early rev
A
- 1763 Pontiac Rebellion, besieged Detroit and killed many settlers, showed British they should slow settlement
- Proclamation line of 1763, ignored by settlers
- Rise of Republicanism - willingness to serve others over self
- rise of liberalism - protect citizens natural rights
- Great Awakening - early 1700s, revivals and new denominations, in the beginning mostly Anglican but now Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists - new light ministers less emphasis on predestination but on individual experience and rebirth
- Geroge Whitfield preaching tour - people just need to repent
- Breakdown in respect for authority - economics, political philosophy that undermined faith in gov from afar, and religious revivals that criticized church hierarchies and later parliament
5
Q
Rise to Rebllion
A
- 1763 Proclamation line left colonists upset, British left with lots of debt, originally taxes regulated mercantilism now was about paying back debt, upset because didn’t have say in taxes
- Sugar act of 1764 - cut tax but began enforcing it, allowed British courts to try people
- Stamp Act 1765 - impacted Newpapers and lawyers - Stamp of Congress of 1765 led to boycott and first example of united colonies
- Sons of Liberty began coordinated action like boycotts and spread awareness of people liberties
- British Parliament repealed stamp act but said Declaratory Act
- 1767 Townsend Acts - new board of customs to stop smuggling - new boycotts daughters of Liberty made American clothes to replace British ones, Artisans got more money but merchants lost money
- 1770 Boston Massacre - Crispus Attucks - all but 2 where acquitted
- All taxes repealed except for tea
- 1773 Tea Act - tax exemptions for British Tea, angered people because tax on non British tea and might hurt smugglers tea - Boston Tea Party
- 1774 Intolerable Acts - Massachusetts lost self governance, quartering for the soldiers still in America, expanded Quebec and religious toleration for Catholics majority
- 1774 First Continental Congress - organize boycott and encourage domestic manufacturing, first colony wide gov - governments coordinate to achieve some end and this itself could be considered rev, not call for ind
- changing attitude among colonists - instead of standing up for rights as English people, began making claims on freedom and natural rights -certain humans have natural rights
6
Q
The Beginning of War
A
- 1775 - Lexington and Concord Minute men and British solider, Shot herd round the world, Colonist lost bunker hill, British suffered casualties and left Boston, so they took New York for most of War,
- Elites in New York and Penn where nervous about artisans and farmers who felt they had a say in politics, not everyone revolutionary
- 1775 Continental Congress sent Olive Branch Petition
- 1776 Common Sense - Thomas Paine, introduced many revolutionary ideas in common language, and created idea America was special
- 1776 Continental Congress Meets and declares independence
7
Q
The Revolutionary War
A
- British strat - capture cities, New York, Boston, Charleston
- Battle of Trenton - Washington crossed Delaware and defeated hessians
- Battle of Saratoga - major British defeat
- 1781 Yorktown, US surrounded British on Peninsula
- Not everyone excited about war and soldiers had poor conditions
- Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation allowed Blacks to be freed by joining British, Britain Abolished slavery in 1743
- Many Iroquois fought for British, Oneida fought with US
8
Q
Results of War
A
- Republican Motherhood - for republic to survive sons must be educated so women needed to be knowledgeable
- Didn’t help slaves, don’t change roles of women except for educating, country still ruled by rich land owning white men
- Revolutionary was ideas - all men created equal endowed with rights Life, Liberty, pursuit of happiness
- Most states had lower bar for voting ie less land needed
- New religious freedom, Jefferson called for separation between church and state
- Changed economy - decline in apprenticeship and indentured servitude because freedom ideals
- North - paid labor and South - slavery economies split and slavery was on decline till Eli Whitney made Cotton Gin in 1793
9
Q
Ideas of Revolution
A
- American revolution led to ideas of liberty and freedom, yet all men created equal was said at the same time as slavery
- James Otis - No freedom until everyone is free
- Revolution was based on John Locke’s idea of liberation and right to property and slaves where property so that would be very autocratic to take property
- What was revolutionary was the idea that no man was better than each other, and even though some where rich or powerful everyone had the same value to make themselves whoever
10
Q
Early US Gov
A
- Articles of Confederation - 1 house body and each state had one vote, any decision required 9 out of 13 votes so nothing was passed, unanimous decision to make amendment, could: declare war, foreign affairs, and make treaties - it could coin money but couldn’t make taxes - federal gov had little power - the gov made treaties with natives in Ohio, and cleared Northwest, Northwest ordinance had no slavery in new territory around great lakes - debt from war required taxes, but each state had to make its own taxes, international trade was awful and no trade from Britain, - led to 1786 Shays rebellion where farmers blocked courts from foreclosing indebted farms and was quelled by the state militia, showed too much liberty in lower class could threaten private property, insecurity in gov to pay back bonds because no taxes - when rich people see problem they fix it
11
Q
Constitution
A
- 1787 State Reps met in Philidelphia and write constitution - wealthy, educated white men who wanted stronger central gov, afraid of tyranny by gov and by people
- disagreements arose between large and small states - Virginia Plan was house of reps and New Jersy plan was senate - Great Compromise
- concerns over who should be counted - 3/5 Compromise
- had a fugitive slave law, embraced separation of powers and federalism
- Senators elected by states to prevent radicalism, and electoral college
- 9/13 required to ratify -
12
Q
Federalist vs Anti federalists
A
- The federalist Papers by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay made to convince people about importance of strong central gov
- Hamilton served as Washingtons aid and sec of treasury, wanted America to be world trader and manufacturing powerhouse, both of which would require a strong gov, governed by the elite, liked Britain
- Anti Federalists against big gov, supported by common people, and didn’t care about large gov to regulate trade and protect the wealthy, larger gov are harder to represent the people - Jeferson - wanted America to be agrarian, subsistence farmers and no international trade, was a democrat and trusted the people to rule themselves, he liked the French because they hated the aristocrats
13
Q
Jefferson and Republicans
A
- Jefferson and Republicans wanted more free speech
- Federalists thought too much free speech was a threat, many republicans where slave holders like Jefferson
14
Q
First Election
A
- No parties and George Washington won, believed people should serve no more than 2 terms
- backed Hamilton - establish nations credit worthiness by assuming states debt, create debt by selling bonds, make a national bank, make a whisky tax , which hurt small farmers, create a tariff to encourage domestic manufacturing
- Republicans agreed to first 4 in return for moving the capitol more south to Washington
- Whisky Rebellion in 1794 due to tax, Washington led troops to put down rebellion
15
Q
Foreign Affairs
A
- Hamilton wanted ties with Britain, but they where fighting France who helped us with the revolution
- France also had revolution which republicans liked and scared Federalists
- France hired US ships to fight British so British began Impressment
- John Jay negotiated Jay treaty, which improved trade relations, Washington ignored impressment problem
- Washington warned against parties
